Te Whare Ariki o Alhambra i Granada Hītori

Kei te karapotia te Whare Ariki o Alhambra i Granada, Pāniora, e ngā tirohanga whakamiharo me ngā tāone o ngā wā o te rautau waenga.

He tauira ataahua tēnei o te taonga tuku iho ahurea o Pāniora me te hoahoanga Ihirama.

He pā iti i te tīmatanga, engari i muri mai ka hurihia e ngā rangatira Mahometa hei pā rangatira whakahīhī.

I ēnei rā, ko tētahi o ngā wāhi hītori tino torohia o te ao, e 2.7 miriona ngā manuhiri i ia tau.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arahina koe e mātou i roto i te hītori o Alhambra me ngā rangatiratanga rerekē i kitea e ia.

Tirohanga Whānui

E ai ki ngā whakaaturanga whakamutunga, ehara te hītori o te Alhambra i te tuhinga noa iho o ngā hanganga me ngā pirau.

E whakaatu ana i te noho o ētahi whare kingi, ō rātou ahurea, ngā momo hoahoanga, te whakamahinga o ngā huānga, ngā whare, me ērā atu mea .

I tino whakamahia e te whānau Nasrid te wai hei hanga i tētahi puna ataahua, marino hoki i ngā whenua maroke o Granada.

I kawea mai e ngā kīngi Karaitiana te awe o te Renaissance, ā, i whakamāramahia te whare Alhambra.

Mai i tētahi pā tūwatawata noa iho, ka whanake hei whare rangatira whakamiharo i roto i te wā, ā, ko tētahi o ngā tauira pai rawa atu o te tiaki i te ahurea me te hītori mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.

Te Hītori o Alhambra (Ngā Wā o Mua)

Ko te hītori o Alhambra, Granada, i tīmata i te rautau 9 i te wā he pā iti i hangaia ki runga i tētahi pā tawhito o Rōma.

I te tīmatanga i mōhiotia ko "qal'at Hamra" i te reo Ārapi, ko tōna tikanga he "pā whero," e pā ana ki ngā pakitara whero me ngā pourewa o te pā.

I mahi te pā hei pā kaha rautaki mō ngā rangatira Berber o te rohe.

I te rautau 13, i kawea mai e te whānau Nasrid ngā huringa nui ki te Alhambra, ā, i hurihia kia rite ki tōna āhua o nāianei.

Te Whare Ariki o Nasrid me te Wā Koura

I te rautau 13 me te 14, i eke te Alhambra ki te tihi o te ataahua me te uauatanga i te wā i kingi ai te whānau Nasrid.

Nā Muhammad ibn al-Ahmar i whakatū a Granada hei tāone matua, ā, nā reira i tīmata ai te whakawhānui ake i te Alhambra.

I whakawhānuihia e ia te pā hei whare kingi ataahua, hei marae, hei māra hoki, ā, i whai wāhi atu ki te auahatanga me te momo hoahoanga motuhake o reira.

He maha ngā āhuatanga wai o ngā Nasrid i whakaata i te hangarau waipēhi matatau o taua wā.

I whakakotahihia e rātou ngā āhuatanga o Andalusia, o ngā Mōori, me te Ihirama hei hanga i tētahi mahi toi kāore e taea te whakataurite.

I te rautau 14, nā Yusuf I rāua ko Muhammad V i hanga ngā wāhanga rongonui o te wāhi rongonui.

E toru ngā whare kingi o te whare o Nasrid:

Te Whare o ngā Raiona: te tauira pai rawa atu o te toi a Nasrid, me tōna marae ataahua me ngā whakapaipai matatini.
Te Whare o Comares: te pokapū o te mana tōrangapū me te kāinga o ngā kīngi.
Mexuar: tari o ngā kīngi.

Ka kitea e koe ngā mahi toi matatini, ngā tuhituhinga Arapi, ngā kōrero, ngā rotarota, me ngā tauira taiao, e whakarei ake ana i te whakapaipai o roto o te whare kingi. Me ōna māra matomato me ngā āhuatanga wai auaha, i tukuna e te Generalife he wāhi okiokinga marino mō ngā sultan.

Ki te titiro koe ki tōna hītori, ka kite koe i te panonitanga o ngā mahi toi me ngā hoahoanga o te whānau Nasrid.

Tirohia te ataahua o tōna whare mā roto i ētahi o ngā tino wāhi o roto o te Whare Ariki o Nasrid.

Ko Palacio de Comares – te kāinga noho o te Sultan me te nohoanga kāwanatanga.
He rongonui te Whare Ariki o ngā Raiona mō tōna Puna o ngā Raiona i te marae me te whatunga wai. He wāhi ahurea e kukume ana i ngā tūruhi me ngā tohunga nā tōna ataahua me tōna hītori.
Te Whare Ariki o Partal— he whare ariki me te wai me ngā māra, he marino, he rangimārie. Koinei te wāhi i noho ai ngā rangatira.
Te Marae o ngā Rakau Myrtle – he marae me ngā puna wai me ngā rakau myrtle. He wāhi okiokinga mō ngā whānau kingi.
Te Whare o ngā Māngai – i noho a Yusuf I, te rangatira mō te wā roa, ki te tūtaki ki ngā manuhiri nui.

Hītori o Generalife

I rongonui ngā rangatira Nasrid o Granada mō tō rātou aroha ki ngā toi, ki ngā hoahoanga me te taiao.

Ko Generalife te whakakotahitanga tino pai o te taiao me te toi, e tohu ana i te "Jannat al-afia" i te reo Arapi, ko tōna tikanga he pararaiha.

I whakamahia hei whare raumati me hei wāhi okiokinga mō ngā rangatira o Nasrid.

Ko tētahi o ngā whenua tino tiakina o te Whānau Nasrid, kei roto ngā māra hua ataahua, ngā māra, me ngā wai maha hei whakapaipai me te whakamakuku.

E ai ki ngā tuhinga hītori, i hangaia tēnei whare kingi i tawhiti atu i te whare matua hei hanga i tētahi pararaiha i roto i te pā o Alhambra.

Pānuihia atu

Te Hinganga o Granada me te Mana Karaitiana

I kitea te hītori o Granada i te whakaekenga a ngā kīngi Katorika i te tau 1492 i te wā i riro ai a Granada i ngā rangatira Karaitiana.

I tino whakakorea te toi me te hoahoanga e te awe o te Renaissance me te Karaitianatanga.

I whakakapia ngā mahi toi Ihirama e ngā whare karakia me ngā whare mōneka mā te whakaora me te pupuri i ngā mahi toi Ihirama kia ora tonu.

Ngā Whakarerekētanga me ngā Tāpiritanga

I tino whakarerekētia e ngā rangatira Karaitiana te Alhambra kia rite ki ō rātou momo āhua me ō rātou hiahia.

I tāpirihia e rātou ngā whare karakia ki te whare kingi, i mauria mai ai ngā tohu Karaitiana, ā, i whakarerekētia hoki te tirohanga Ihirama ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whare, ngā kēti me ngā taiao.

Ko te huringa nui rawa ko te Whare Ariki o Charles V , i hangaia i te rautau 16, e tata ana ki ngā taiepa o te Whare Ariki o Nasrid.

He tohu tēnei mō te Renaissance, i hangaia i Spain, ā, i hangaia e tētahi o ngā akonga a Michelangelo.

I pai ake anō te mana hōia o Alhambra i te wā Karaitiana.

I whakakaha ake a Alcazaba , te rohe pā, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hōia a ngā rangatira hou.

Te Whakaora i te Alhambra: Te Whakaora me te Tiaki

I muri i te kore aro mō ngā tau maha, ka rongonui anō i te rautau 19.

Nā ngā kōrero a Washington Irving me te hiahia o ngā tūruhi o Ūropi me Amerika ki te ahurea o te Waenganui Rawhiti i puta ai tēnei.

Nā tēnei hiahia hou i arahi ai ngā mahi ki te whakaora i te whare i raro i te tirotiro a te Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife.

Kua noho te tiaki taiao hei kaupapa matua, inā koa mai i te wā i whakaingoatia ai hei Pae Tuku Iho o te Ao a UNESCO i te tau 1984.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. He aha te Whare Ariki o Alhambra?

He pā kaha whakaharahara, he whare rangatira hoki te Whare Ariki o Alhambra i Granada, Pāniora. He rongonui mō tōna ataahua o te hoahoanga me tōna hītori whai rawa.

2. He aha te mea whakamiharo mō te Alhambra o Granada?

He ahurei te Alhambra i Granada mō tōna hoahoa atamai, ngā whakapaipai taipitopito, me ngā māra me ngā puna wai ataahua.

3. Nā ngā Mahometa i hanga te Alhambra?

I hangaia i waenganui o te rautau 13 e te whānau Nasrid, arā, ngā rangatira Muhirama whakamutunga o Pāniora.

4. I pēhea te hinganga o Alhambra?

I te 2 o Hānuere, 1492, ka tukuna e Muhammad XII o Granada (e mōhiotia ana ko Kingi Boabdil) te Tāone o Granada me te whare kingi o Alhambra ki ngā ope taua o Castile. I riro i ngā rangatira Ihirama whakamutunga te mana o ngā kingi Katorika, ā, ka roa ake tā rātou wikitoria whenua.

5. Ko wai i noho ki ngā Whare Ariki o Nasrid?

Ko ngā Whare Ariki o Nasrid i roto i te whare, koia ngā whare kingi me ngā kōti mō te whānau Nasrid, te whānau Muhirama whakamutunga i Pāniora, i kingi mai i te rautau 13 ki te 15.

6. He aha te kaupapa o ngā whare kingi e toru i roto i te Alhambra?

He rerekē ngā mahi a ngā Whare Ariki e toru o Nasrid i roto i te Alhambra. I whakamahia te Mexuar mō ngā mahi me ngā hui. Ko te Whare Ariki o Comares te kāinga o te sultan, i reira ia i tūtaki ai ki ngā manuhiri motuhake. Ko te Whare Ariki o ngā Raiona he wāhi motuhake mō te whānau o te sultan, e whakaatu ana i ngā mahi toi me ngā hoahoa ataahua.

7. He aha te hītori o te Whare Ariki o Nasrid?

Nā ngā kīngi o Nasrid i hanga ngā Whare Ariki o Nasrid i roto i te Alhambra i waenganui i te rautau 13 me te 15. Ko ēnei whare ariki ngā kāinga o ngā kīngi tae noa ki te tau 1492, i mua i te raupatu o ngā kīngi Katorika.

8. I pēhea te panonitanga o te Whare Ariki o Alhambra i muri i te raupatu a te Karaitiana?

I muri i te rironga o Granada e ngā Karaitiana i te tau 1492, ka hurihia te Alhambra ki ngā whare hou pērā i te Whare Ariki o Charles V, i awehia e te Renaissance, ā, i kitea te hanumitanga o ngā hoahoa Karaitiana Muhirama.

9. Ko wai kei te tanumia ki te Alhambra?

Nō ngā Sultan Muhammad II rāua ko Yusuf III ngā kōhatu urupā, ā, nō Piriniha Yusuf, te teina o Sultan Muley Hacen tētahi.

Whakaahua Matua: David Cerini i runga i te Unsplash