Hītori o te Arc de Triomphe

Ko tētahi o ngā wāhi rongonui o te ao ko te Arc de Triomphe i te tāone matua o Parani, i Parī.

I muri i tana wikitoria i Austerlitz i te tau 1805, i tonoa te hanganga o te kōhatu e Napoleon Bonaparte, ā, i oti i te tau 1836.

He tohu rongonui tēnei, i ahu mai i ngā āwhata wikitoria o Rōmana onamata, hei whakahonore i te Huringa Wīwī me ngā Pakanga a Napoleon.

Kei ngā pakitara o te pewa ngā ingoa pakanga me ngā tuhituhinga o ngā hēnerara. He whakanui tēnei ki te hunga i toa ki te mahi ki Parani.

Kei roto hoki i te kōhatu te Urupā o te Hōia Kore i te Ine , he whakamaumaharatanga mamae mō ngā patunga tapu o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

E 50 mita te teitei, 45 mita te whānui, ā, 22 mita te hohonu, koia te whare nui rawa atu o te ao tae noa ki te tau 1982.

Kei raro i te whakahaere a te Centre des Monuments Nationaux, he tirohanga whānui ki te motu o Parī mai i tōna tuanui , ā, kei reira anō hoki he whare taonga me ngā peita, ngā taonga tuku iho me te maha atu.

Pukahia ō tīkiti Arc de Triomphe i mua i te wā kia pai ai te tūhuratanga o tēnei tohu whenua tawhito, me te karo hoki i te rārangi roa i te matapihi hoko tīkiti.

Kia rukuhia ētahi o ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā āhuatanga o te Arc de Triomphe, me te whakaatu i tōna ataahua neoclassical e kukume ana i te 1.5 miriona manuhiri ia tau.

He aha te hītori o te Arc de Triomphe?

Ko te hītori o te Arc de Triomphe e hoki ana ki te tau 1806 i te wā i whakahaua ai e Napoleon Bonaparte te hanganga.

Nā te kaihoahoa a Jean Chalgrin i hoahoa, ā, i tūpono ngā wā hangahanga i raro i ngā panonitanga tōrangapū.

I whakapaipaihia te whare e te kingitanga o Charles X ki ngā whakairo, engari i tae te ngangau ki te Huringa o Hūrae.

I te wā o Louis-Philippe i kawea mai ai ngā wero hou mō te whakapau kaha me te whakaoti i ngā mahi.

Ahakoa i whakatuwheratia i te tau 1836, 15 tau i muri i te matenga o Napoleon, i riro hei tohu whakahīhī mō te motu i raro i te mana o Kingi Louis-Philippe.

Ngā Awe me ngā Kōwhiringa Hoahoa

He maha ngā tohutoro tawhito i roto i te hoahoa o te Arc de Triomphe, ā, i ahu mai i ngā hanganga rongonui pērā i te Arch of Titus i Rōma (85 AD).

I ahu mai anō hoki ngā whakaaro o ngā kaihoahoa whare a Chalgrin rāua ko Raymond i te Āwhata o Saint-Denis nā Blondel me te Āwhata o Constantine i Rōma (315 AD), tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga pērā i a Attica me te ota o Koriniti.

He ranunga whakamīharo o ngā mea whakamiharo o mua, e hono ana i ēnei rā ki te taonga tuku iho pumau o te hoahoanga tawhito.

Te Kōwhiringa Pae me te Whakamahere Whare

I te whakataunga kia whakatūria te Arc de Triomphe ki te Place de l'Étoile, ka tīmata ngā kaihoahoa whare a Jean-François Thérèse Chalgrin rāua ko Jean-Arnaud Raymond ki te whakamahere tupato.

Ko tā rātou whāinga he hoahoa e whakaatu ana i tētahi whakatuwheratanga māmā, ehara i te mea hei whakahonore i te hītori anake engari hei tomokanga whakahīhī hoki ki te tāone.

E whakaatu ana tēnei kōwhiringa āta whakaarohia i te nui o te whakaaro i whakapaua hei hanga i te Arc de Triomphe hei tohu whakanui, hei tatau whai hua anō hoki.

Mā te tīkiti whakauru ki te Arc de Triomphe , ka uru koe ki te hītori, ka pārekareka ki ngā tirohanga whānui o Parī, me te urunga motuhake ki te tuanui mō tētahi haerenga whakamīharo i roto i te wā.

Hītori o Mua

I te tau 1810, i te wā i marena ai a Napoleon I rāua ko Marie-Louise o Austria, i whakakitea mai e te Place de l'Étoile kāore anō kia oti te āhua hou o te Arc de Triomphe.

Me te anga atu ki ngā pou kāore anō kia oti i runga ake i te whenua, ka puta mai i te kaihoahoa a Jean Chalgrin tētahi otinga auaha—he tauira rangitahi, he rahi rite tonu ki te tangata.

I hangaia tēnei ngana e Louis Laffitte me tana ope mahi e rima rau, ā, i tūpono ngā porotēhi a ngā kaimahi engari i hua ake ai he pikinga utu.

Te Whakahoutanga Utu Nui

E 511,000 francs te utu mō te hanganga rangitahi, ā, i hoatu ki a Chalgrin ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whakapai ake.

Nā ngā whakarerekētanga, tae atu ki ngā whakaata me ngā kōwhiringa whakapaipai, i hanga te kororia o te Arc de Triomphe ā muri ake nei.

Te Whakawhiti i roto i te Kaiārahi

Ko te matenga o Chalgrin i te 20 o Hānuere, 1811, me te iti rawa o te teitei o ngā pou e tekau mā rua mita, he wā tino nui tēnei.

I riro i a Louis-Robert Goust, te tauira a Chalgrin, te kaupapa, ā, i ārahi i tētahi upoko hou i roto i te hanganga o te whakamaharatanga.

Ngā Pānga o ngā Huringa Tōrangapū

Whai muri i te hinganga o Napoleon me te aranga ake o Louis XVIII ki te mana, ka pā mai he mutunga kore ki te hanganga o te Arc de Triomphe.

I te tau 1814, i whakaaro te kaihoahoa whare a Bernard Poyet kia whakahoroa ngā pou o nāianei.

Ahakoa kāore a Louis XVIII i whakaatu i tōna hiahia ki te tīmata anō i ngā mahi hanga, i whakakahore ia ki te ūkui i ngā toenga o te tirohanga a Napoleon.

I waenganui i ngā huringa tōrangapū, i puta ake ngā whakaaro maha i waenganui i te tau 1814 me te tau 1823, engari kāore i whiwhi i te manakohanga a te kingi.

Te Whakaoranga i raro i ngā Whakaaetanga Hou

I te tau 1823, ka whakaarahia anō e Louis XVIII te kaupapa, ā, ka whakahaua kia oti tonu te Arc de Triomphe engari me whakahou ake te whakatapua.

I neke atu te arotahi mai i te whakanui i te ope taua emepaea ki te whakahonore i te Ope Taua o Pyrenees, i raro i te kaiārahi o Louis Antoine de Bourbon.

I kīia te angitu o te whakahokinga mai o Ferdinand VII e te ope taua ki te torona o Pāniora hei wikitoria mō te Basileia o Parani.

Ngā Mahi Tahi a te Whare

I tīmata anō te hanga i raro i te whakahaere tahi a ngā kaihoahoa a Louis-Robert Goust rāua ko Jean-Nicolas Huyot, nā rāua ngā mahere a Chalgrin i riro mai, i whakarerekē hoki.

I te matenga o Louis XVIII i te tau 1824, ka haere tonu te mahi a tōna tuakana, a Charles X.

I ara ake ngā tautohe mō ngā kōwhiringa hoahoanga, ā, i panaia a Huyot mō te wā poto i te tau 1825, ā, i te tau 1826 ka whakahokia anō ki tōna tūranga.

Te Ngangau me te Huringa

Nō te tau 1828, ka tae te whakamaharatanga ki te pūaha o te entablature, ā, nō te tau 1829, ka whakatūria he papa whakamaharatanga mō te Ope Taua o Pyrenees.

Heoi, i te tau 1830 ka nui haere te ngangau tōrangapū, ā, ka arahina e Tianara Pujol te ope taua o ngā toa whenua i huihui ki te taha o te Arc de Triomphe.

I te 2 o Ākuhata, 1830, i waenganui i tēnei whakakeke, ka tūtaki a Charles X ki ngā tono kia rihaina ia, ā, i te mutunga ka hainatia e ia te tono mai i te Château de Rambouillet.

He wāhanga nui tēnei o te Arc de Triomphe i roto i te hītori o Paris me te raruraru tōrangapū o Wīwī.

Whakaotinga Whakamutunga

I mutu te hītori roa o te Arc de Triomphe i te wā o te kingitanga o Louis-Philippe I.

I ngā rā hurihanga o Hūrae 1830 ka puta he wā hou i te kakenga o Louis-Philippe I ki te torona.

He rerekē a Louis-Philippe i ōna mua, ko tana whāinga he whakahaere i runga i te wairua o te rangimarie, me te whakaatu i a ia hei Kīngi o ngā Wīwī.

Heoi anō, i pāngia te hanganga o te Arc de Triomphe e ngā wero, nā te mea i whakamutua anō.

Nā te nui rawa o ngā nama a Huyot i whiwhi ai i tētahi āhuatanga tino kino, i kino rawa atu ai ngā herenga pūtea.

I te 31 o Hūrae, 1832, ka whakatūria e Louis-Philippe a Guillaume Abel Blouet hei whakaoti i te whakamaharatanga, me te whakatapua ki ngā Ope Taua o te Huringa me te Emepaea.

Ngā tuhituhinga me ngā whakapaipai

I tonoa e Adolphe Thiers, te Minita mō ngā Take o roto, ētahi kaiwhakairo, tae atu ki a Cortot, Etex, Rude, me ētahi atu, kia waihanga i ngā whakapaipai kupu whakarite mō te whakamaharatanga.

I whakapaipaihia te whakamaharatanga e ā rātou mahi toi ki ngā whakairo teitei, ki ngā whakairo, ki ngā papa whakairo, ki ngā whakangungu rakau, me te poupou.

I takoha mai a Rūtene Tianara Saint-Cyr Nugues mā te whakatakoto i ngā rārangi ingoa hei whakamaumahara i ngā pakanga whakatau e 30, ngā mahi toa e 96, me ngā hēnerara e 384 mō te tuanui me ngā turanga.

Te whakatuwheratanga me te tautohetohe

I muri i te toru tekau tau o te hanganga, ka whakatuwheratia te Arc de Triomphe i te 29 o Hūrae, 1836.

I huraina ngā ingoa o ngā hōia i runga i ngā turanga, hei whakamaumaharatanga mō ngā pakanga, ngā mahi whakamiharo a ngā hōia, me ngā tianara.

Heoi, i ara ake te tautohetohe mō ngā ingoa kua tuhia, ā, i puta ake ngā whakahē me ngā tono mō ngā tāpiringa.

Nā te mataku kei whakaekea te iwi i whakakorengia ai te whakanuinga nui i whakamaheretia i te tuatahi.

He hunga torutoru noa iho i kite i te huihuinga, tae atu ki a Adolphe Thiers rāua ko Antoine Maurice Appolinaire Argout.

I te tōnga o te pō, ka huihui mai te mano ki te mātakitaki i te whakamaharatanga kua whakamāramahia ki ngā rama hau e 700.

I whakatūturutia ka akohia ngā tono katoa, ā, ka tāpirihia e Blouet ngā ingoa o ngā hēnerara e 128 me ngā pakanga kua warewaretia e 172.

I tāpirihia ngā mea i muri mai tae noa ki te tau 1895 i whakaū ai i te hītori o te Arc de Triomphe.

Ehara i te mea he tohu hītori nui anake tēnei, engari he whakanui hihiri, whanake hoki ki te taonga tuku iho maha o Parani.

Whakaahua: Stefan Stein f / Getty Images|