Hītori o te Colosseum Romana
Gargi Mallik
·11 min read
Ko te Colosseum, he tohu rongonui o Rōma, he hītori whai rawa, matatini hoki e rua mano tau te roa. I hangaia i waenganui i te tau 72 me te 80 AD e ngā emepara Flavian, he papa tākaro nui mō ngā pakanga gladiatorial, ngā hopu kararehe, me ngā whakaaturanga tūmatanui, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te hoahoanga o Rōma onamata me ngā mahi pāpori.
Kua kitea ngā ahi, ngā rū whenua, me ngā whakarerekētanga i roto i te whakamaharatanga, mai i te wāhi whakangahau whakamiharo ki te rua kohatu, ki te whare rangatira o ngā wā o mua, me te wāhi hītori taonga nui. I ēnei rā, e kukume ana tōna taonga tuku iho i te miriona tāngata, e whakarato ana i ngā tirohanga ki te nui me te uaua o te hapori Rōmana.
Kia mōhio: Me toro atu te hunga e aroha ana ki te hītori ki te Colosseum kia whai hua ai tō haerenga mai, kia rumakina ai hoki koe ki te hītori o tēnei whare tapere rongonui me te tikiti haerenga ārahi !
Te Rārangi Wā o Colosseum
Kei roto i te rārangi wā e whai ake nei ngā kaupapa nui i roto i te hītori o te Colosseum:
Ngā Tau Tōmua (70 ki te 100 AD)
72 AD: I tīmata te hanganga o te whare i te Emepara Vespasian.
80 AD: I whakatuwheratia te whakamaharatanga e Titus me te whakanui i te pakanga gladiatorial mō ngā rā 100.
80 ki te 81 AD: I oti te hanganga i raro i te kingitanga o Domitian.
Te mutunga o te rautau tuatahi AD: I manaaki i ngā huihuinga maha, tae atu ki te hopu kararehe, te whakamatenga tūmatanui, me ngā pakanga moana whakaari pea.
Te Wā o Rōmana i Muri Mai (100 ki te 400 AD)
110 AD: I kitea te patunga tapu tuatahi i tuhia i roto i te whakamaharatanga.
Te mutunga o te rautau 2 AD: I whakahoutia nuitia te whare tapere mō te wā tuatahi.
217 AD: I whakangaromia kinotia te whare e te ahi.
Te tīmatanga o te rautau 3 : I raro i ngā tohutohu a Emepara Severus Alexander, i whakarerekētia, i whakatikatikaina hoki.
404 AD: I manaaki i te pakanga gladiatorial whakamutunga kua tuhia.
Te Hekenga me te Huringa (400 ki te 1000 AD)
410 AD: I pahuatia a Rōma e ngā Visigoth, ā, i whakawāteatia te Colosseum .
Rau tau 5 ki te 6 : I whakamahia hei rua kohatu, i keria mō ngā kaupapa hanga whare.
Te Wā o te Waenganui: I whakamahia hei wāhi haereere me te pā mō ngā whānau rangatira maha.
Hītori o Muri Mai (1000-Nō Nāianei)
1749: Ka tīmata ngā mahi whakatikatika nui hei whakaora i te whakamaharatanga.
1807-1827: Kei te haere tonu ngā mahi whakatikatika a te Pāpa Pius VII.
Rau tau 19: I rongonui hei wāhi rongonui mō ngā tūruhi.
Rau tau 20 ki te 21: Mā te mahi whakatikatika tonu me te rangahau whaipara tangata ka mārama tātou ki te hītori o te Colosseum.
Te Pūtake
E whai ake nei ētahi āhuatanga nui i roto i te hītori o te Colosseum:
Te moemoeā a te Emepara Vespasian: Whai muri i te pakanga ā-iwi me te ngangau, i whai te Emepara Vespasian ki te whakahoki mai i a Rōma me te riro mai i te iwi te manako. I whakaarohia te whare tapere hei wāhi whakangahau tūmatanui whakamiharo, hei koha ki te iwi Rōmana.
Te Whakawhanaketanga Anō o Rōma: I whakamahere anō a Vespasian ki te whakahoki mai i te rohe i puritia e te emepara Nero i whakakorea. Ko te tūranga o te whakamaharatanga i tēnei wāhi i mahi hei whakakapinga tohu me te wāhi arotahi hou mō te tāone.
Kaupapa o te Whare Ariki o Flavian: I tīmata te hanganga o Vespasian, ā, i oti i āna tama a Titus rāua ko Domitian, he mema katoa nō te whare ariki o Flavian. E mōhiotia ana hoki te Colosseum ko te Flavian Amphitheater.
Te Whakaaweawe
I whakaaro a Emepara Vespasian, te kaihanga o te Whare Tapere o Flavian, he huarahi tēnei hei whakahoki mai i te manako o te iwi whai muri i te mana whakamataku o Nero. Ahakoa kua whai whare tapere ngā hapori Rōmana mō te whakangahau, i hangaia te Colosseum hei whare nui ake, hei whare pumau ake. Nā tōna rahi nui me tōna matatini i whakaatu te kaha me te kaha o te Emepaea Rōmana ki te hanga whare.
Ko te āhua porowhita whānui me ngā nohoanga paparanga i whakatauirahia i runga i ngā whare tapere Kariki me Rōmana o mua. I ngā taumata rerekē, e toru ngā momo pou i whakamahia i te whare tapere, arā, ko te Doric, te Ionic, me te Corinthian, e whakaata ana i ngā tikanga hoahoanga Rōmana tawhito.
Hītori Hanganga
He whakatutukitanga whakamiharo te hanganga o te Colosseum, i roa mō te 10 ki te 15 tau, i roto i te ao hangarau me te whakahaere. Mō ngā rautau, i tohu i te mana me te whakangahau o Rōma, ā, kei te tū tonu hei whakanui i tō rātou pūkenga hoahoanga.
Te Matakite me te Pūtea
I whiwhi pūtea a Emepara Vespasian i ngā taonga o te wikitoria o ngā Rōmana i te Pakanga Tuatahi o ngā Hūrai me ngā Rōmana (70 AD), inā koa te whakangaromanga o Hiruharama.
Te Hanga i te Marvel
I tīmata te hanganga i te tau 72 AD pea, ā, i whakamahia he rōpū pūkenga, tae atu ki ngā Hūrai pononga me ngā kaimahi taketake. Nā te whakamahinga ahurei o ngā rauemi pēnei i te raima kōhatu travertine, te tuff, me te raima pungarehu puia i whakapūmau te pumau me te pakari. Nā te āhua porowhita tawhito, me ngā nohoanga papa me ngā ara whakatārewatanga, i pai ai te tirohanga a ngā kaimātakitaki. Nā te pūnaha atamai o ngā arawhata me ngā ararewa i āwhina te kawe i ngā kararehe, ngā kaiwhakangahau, me ngā tirohanga huri noa i te papa tākaro.
Kia mōhio: Me ngā tīkiti rongonui o te Arena, kia pai tō tirohanga ki te kanohi o te gladiator.
Haere mai ki roto i ngā mea whakamiharo o Colosseum!
Hurihia tō hiahia ki tētahi mahi mōrearea me ō mātou hoa mahi pono o te ao.
Te Whakaoti me te Whakatūnga
I te matenga o Vespasian i te tau 79 AD, kua tata oti te hanga o te Whare Tapere Flavian tae noa ki te papa tuatoru. Nā tana tama, nā Titus, i tirotiro ngā mahi whakamutunga, ā, i whakatuwheratia te pourewa i te tau 80 AD me te whakanui i ngā kaupapa 100-rā tae atu ki ngā pakanga gladiatorial me ngā hopu kararehe. E kī ana ētahi kōrero i roa pea te mahi tae noa ki te tau 85 AD i te wā o te kingitanga o Domitian.
Ngā Whakarerekētanga o Muri Mai
I whakatūria e te Emepara Domitian te taumata o runga o ngā nohoanga i waenganui i te tau 80 me te 85 AD. I mahia ētahi atu whakarerekētanga hei whakanui ake i te maha o ngā nohoanga, hei whakapai ake rānei i te pūnaha taupoki (velarium).
Te Hiranga o te Colosseum
He maha ngā take e whai tikanga ai te Colosseum, i roto i ngā kōrero tuku iho me ēnei rā.
Te Hiranga o te Hītori
Te Whakamiharo o te Whare Hanga me te Hangarau: Ko te Colosseum te whare tapere nui rawa atu i hangaia i roto i te Emepaea o Roma. Ko tana whakamahinga auaha o te raima, te pūnaha kauhanga uaua, me te hoahoa nohoanga mō te tata ki te 80,000 o ngā kaimātakitaki e whakahihiko tonu ana i ngā kaihoahoa me ngā miihini i ēnei rā.
Wāhi Whakangahau: Mō ngā rautau, ko te Colosseum te wāhi matua mō ngā whakangahau tūmatanui i Rōma. I reira i tū ai ngā whakataetae gladiatorial, ngā hopu kararehe, ngā whakaari whare tapere, tae atu ki ngā pakanga moana whakaari.
Tohu o te Mana o Rōmana: Ko te tūnga tonu o te whakamaharatanga i whakaatu i te mana me te taonga o te Emepaea o Rōmana. Ko tōna hanganga i raro i ngā emepara o Flavian i hangaia hei whakaora i a Rōma i muri i te ngangau, me te whakaatu anō hoki i tōna whakatapua ki te iwi.
Te Hiranga o Tēnei Rā
Ngā Wāhi Tūruhi: Ko te Colosseum tētahi o ngā wāhi tūruhi rongonui o te ao, e kukume ana i ngā miriona manuhiri i ia tau, ā, e whiwhi moni nui ana mō Itari. He tohu kaha tēnei mō te hītori whai rawa o Rōma.
Ngā Hononga ki Ngā Wā o Mua: Mā te ako i ōna hanganga, ōna taonga tuku iho, me ngā tuhinga hītori ka mārama ai koe ki te hapori Rōmana, ki te ahurea, me ngā pūkenga hangarau.
Taonga Tuku Iho: Kei te whakamahia tonutia ngā pikitia o te Whare Tapere o Flavian i roto i ngā kiriata, ngā whakaaturanga pouaka whakaata, me te ahurea rongonui, e whakaatu ana i tōna awe roa ki te hinengaro o te tangata.
Ngā Kōrero Huna o te Colosseum
Kāore te hītori o te Colosseum i te whawhai gladiatorial me ngā whakaaturanga nunui e rongonui ai ia.
Anei ētahi kōrero kāore i te tino mōhiotia, engari kei raro i te mata:
Te Ara o raro i te Atamira: I nohoia e te hypogeum ngā gladiator, ngā kararehe, me ngā tirohanga ataahua mō ngā putanga ohorere me ngā pānga whakaari i ngā wā o ngā huihuinga.
Ngā Tirohanga Wai: Ahakoa kāore i te tino rongonui, tera pea ka waipuketia te whakamaharatanga hei whakatauira i te pakanga moana. Whakaarohia te mahi hangarau o te whakakī me te whakawatea i tētahi whare nui!
Ngā Whakaari Kararehe: He tutu te hopu kararehe i te Colosseum. I te wā o te whakatuwheratanga, tata ki te 9,000 ngā kararehe i kohurutia! He wāhi nui tō te hypogeum i roto i ēnei huihuinga, i taea ai e ngā mea hanga te puta me te ngaro me te mea he makutu.
Ehara i te mea mō te mate anake: Ehara i te mea he wāhi whakangahau nanakia anake te Whare Tapere o Flavian. I whakahaerehia ngā pakanga, ngā whakaari, tae atu ki ngā whakataetae hākinakina.
Te Ao Muri i te Wāhi Whakamate o te Colosseum: Whai muri i te hinganga o te Emepaea o Roma, ka pāngia te whakamaharatanga e tētahi atu oranga ohorere. I whakamahia hei wāhi keri rua, hei wāhi haerenga tapu, tae atu ki te kāinga o tētahi whānau rangatira!
He Wā o Mua: Ehara i te mea ko tōna rahi anake te mea whakamiharo o te Colosseum. I mua he kanapa te peita o ngā pakitara, he āhuatanga e ngaro ana i te nuinga o te wā ina whakaarohia te wāhi tawhito.
Kia mōhio: Mā tēnei Haerenga Motuhake ki Raro Whenua , hurahia ngā mea ngaro tino pai o te Colosseum.
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. Nōnahea i hangaia ai te Colosseum?
I tīmata te hanganga o te Colosseum i waenganui i te tau 70 me te tau 72 AD i te Emepara Vespasian. Ahakoa kua tata oti i tōna matenga i te tau 79 AD, i tū te whakatuwheratanga i te tau 80 AD i raro i tana tama a Titus.
2. He aha i hangaia ai te Colosseum?
I tumanako a Emepara Vespasian ki te whakakotahi i a Rōma i muri i te pakanga ā-iwi, me te miharo i te iwi ki tētahi papa whakangahau nui mō te iwi. I whakaatuhia te mana me te oranga o Rōma mā te whakauru i ngā pakanga gladiatorial, ngā hopu kararehe, me ētahi atu whakaaturanga.
3. He aha te ingoa o te Colosseum?
E mōhiotia ana te Colosseum ko te Flavian Amphitheatre. He ingoa tēnei hei whakahonore i te whānau Flavian me ngā emepara nāna i tirotiro tōna hanganga: a Vespasian, a Titus, me Domitian.
4. Nā wai i whakaoti te hanganga o te Colosseum?
Nā te Emepara Vespasian i tīmata, engari nā tana tama a Titus i whakaoti i te tau 80 AD. Nō muri mai ka tāpirihia e Domitian, tētahi atu tama, ētahi kōrero i whakakaha i te awe o te whānau Flavian ki tēnei wāhi rongonui.
5. He aha te rauemi i whakamahia matua hei hanga i te Colosseum?
I hangaia te pūtake ki te raima Rōmana, me te pungarehu puia i roto. Ko te kōhatu mātotoru travertine, he kōhatu pakari, he kōhatu ma, i whakapaipai i te mata o te whare, me te toka puia tuff, hei tautoko atu.
6. He aha te kaupapa o te hypogeum?
Ehara i te mea he whare herehere noa iho te hypogeum o te Colosseum. He wāhi pukumahi i muri i te atamira, he wāhi kei reira ngā gladiator, ngā kararehe, me ngā tirohanga ataahua, e āhei ai ngā tomokanga ohorere me ngā pānga whakaari i te wā o ngā whakaaturanga.
Whakaahua Matua: Thecollector.com