Te Hoahoa me te Hītori o Pantheon Paris

Ko te Panthéon de Paris he tohu whakamaumaharatanga kei te rohe tuarima o Parī, Wīwī.

Kei te Latin Quarter tēnei whare karakia, i runga i te Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, i waenganui o te Place du Panthéon.

I hangaia i waenganui i te tau 1758 me te tau 1790 i runga i ngā hoahoa a Jacques-Germain Soufflot i runga i te tono a Kingi Louis XV o Parani.

He tohu hiranga hītori me te hiranga hanga whare te Pantheon o Paris.

Pānuihia atu kia mōhio ai koe ki te hoahoanga me te hītori o Pantheon Paris.

Hītori o te Pantheon o Paris

He mea nui te wāhi i tū ai te Panthéon i roto i te hītori o Parī, ā, i reira he maha ngā whakamaharatanga i hangaia ai.

I Maunga Lucotitius, he teitei i te taha maui o te pareparenga, te wāhi i tū ai te papa o te tāone Rōmana o Lutetia.

Koinei anō te tanumanga taketake o Saint Genevieve, nāna i ārahi te ātete ki ngā Hun i te wā i whakawehi ai rātou i a Parī i te tau 451.

I te tau 508, i hanga e Clovis, te Kīngi o ngā Franks, tētahi whare karakia ki reira, ā, i tanumia rāua ko tana wahine ki reira i muri mai i ngā tau 511 me 545.

Ko te whare karakia, i whakatapua tuatahitia ki a Hato Pita rāua ko Paora, i whakatapua anō ki a Hato Genevieve, i noho hei tapu tiaki mō Parī.

I te rautau 12, i hangaia anō te whare karakia i te momo Gothic.

He wāhi rongonui tēnei mō te haerenga minita, ā, e kiia ana he mana merekara tō ngā taonga tuku iho o Hato Genevieve.

I whakangaromia te whare karakia e te ahi i te tau 1756, ā, i tonoa e Kingi Louis XV a Jacques-Germain Soufflot kia hoahoa i tētahi whare karakia hou ki taua wāhi.

Te Hoahoa a Soufflot

Nā te Pantheon i whakaaweawe te hoahoa a Soufflot mō te Panthéon i Rōma.

He hanganga ripeka te whare, he tuanui teitei i runga ake i te whakawhiti, me ngā tuanui o raro he āhua rite ki te pereti i runga ake i ngā peka e whā.

He mea whakapaipai te mata o mua o te whare ki ngā pou o te ahua o Koriniti, me te taha o mua o te whare he mea whakairo ki ngā whakairo nā Pierre-Jean David d'Angers.

Kei roto i te Panthéon he mea whakapaipai ki ngā mosaic me ngā peita o ngā wāhanga o te hītori Wīwī, ko ētahi o aua peita nā Puvis de Chavannes i mahi.

Kei roto i te kōpū ngā urupā o ngā tāngata rongonui o Wīwī, tae atu ki a Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Èmile Zola me Marie Curie.

Te Panthéon i te wā o te Huringa Wīwī

I te tīmatanga o te Huringa Wīwī i te tau 1789, kei te hangaia tonutia te Panthéon.

I kite ngā kaiwhakahauhau i te whare hei tohu mō te mana ariki, ā, i whakapokea e rātou te whare karakia, ā, i tangohia atu hoki ngā taonga o Hato Genevieve.

I te tau 1791, ka whakaingoatia te Panthéon hei Temepara o ngā Tāngata Nui, ā, ka whakaingoatia anō ko te Temepara o ngā Tāngata Nui.

Ko Mirabeau te tangata tuatahi i tanumia ki te Panthéon, he tino tangata rongonui i roto i te Huringa Wīwī.

I whai mai a Mirabeau i a Voltaire, i a Rousseau me ētahi atu o ngā kaitukino rongonui.

I muri i te hinganga o Robespierre i te tau 1794, ka whakaingoatia anō te Panthéon ko te Hāhi o Sainte-Geneviève, engari i noho tonu hei whare whakapono kore.

Te Panthéon i ngā rautau 19 me te 20

I whakamahia tonutia te Panthéon hei whare karakia me te necropolis puta noa i te rautau 1800.

I te tau 1885, i tanumia ngā toenga o Victor Hugo ki te Panthéon, ā, i tino whakamanahia te whare hei whare karakia.

I te rautau 20, i whakamahia tonutia te Panthéon hei necropolis mō ngā tāngata rongonui o Wīwī.

Ko ētahi o ngā tāngata i tanumia ki te Panthéon i tēnei wā ko:

• Jean Moulin (1964)
• Ānara Malraux (1996)
• Jean Monnet (1987)
• Pierre Curie (1995)
• Marie Curie (1995)
• Aimé Césaire (2011)
• Germaine Tillion (2015)
• Simone Veil (2018)

Ko te Panthéon hei tohu

He tohu te Panthéon mō ngā mea maha puta noa i tōna hītori.

I te tīmatanga i hangaia hei whare karakia i whakatapua ki a Hato Genevieve, engari i te wā o te Huringa Wīwī ka whakakorea te whakapono ki te Atua, ā, ka noho hei urupā mō ngā tāngata rongonui o Wīwī.

I whakamahia anō hoki te Panthéon hei tohu mō te motu ā-iwi me te mana rīpupirikana o Wīwī.

He whakamaharatanga anō hoki te Panthéon mō te āhua uaua, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakahē te hītori o Wīwī.

He rerekē ngā mahi a ngā kāwanatanga rerekē, ā, koinei te wāhi i puta ai ngā wikitoria nunui me ngā aituā nunui.

Te Panthéon i te rautau 21

Kei te whakamahia tonutia te Panthéon hei necropolis mō ngā tāngata rongonui o Wīwī i te rautau 21.

I te tau 2011, i tanumia ngā toenga o te kaitito me te kaitōrangapū a Aimé Césaire ki te Panthéon.

I te tau 2015, i tanumia ngā toenga o te toa ātete a Germaine Tillion ki te Panthéon.

Ā, i te tau 2018, i tanumia ngā toenga o te kaitōrangapū a Simone Veil ki te Panthéon.

E whakamahia ana te Panthéon ināianei mō ngā huihuinga ahurea maha, tae atu ki ngā kōnohete, ngā whakaaturanga me ngā hui.

He tohu ora te Panthéon e whai wāhi nui ana ki te hapori Wīwī o ēnei rā.

Te Whare Hanga o Pantheon i Parī

He mahi toi whakamiharo te Panthéon, ā, kua whakanuia e ngā kairīti me ngā kaihoahoa whare mō tōna ataahua, tōna rangimarie me tōna hiranga hangarau.

He hanganga ripeka te whare, he tuanui teitei i runga ake i te whakawhiti, me ngā tuanui o raro he āhua rite ki te pereti i runga ake i ngā peka e whā.

He mea whakapaipai te mata o mua o te whare ki ngā pou o te ahua o Koriniti, me te taha o mua o te whare he mea whakairo ki ngā whakairo nā Pierre-Jean David d'Angers.

Kei roto i te Panthéon he mea whakapaipai ki ngā mosaic me ngā peita o ngā wāhanga o te hītori Wīwī, ko ētahi o aua peita nā Puvis de Chavannes i mahi.

Kei roto i te kōpū ngā urupā o ngā tāngata rongonui o Wīwī, tae atu ki a Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Èmile Zola me Marie Curie.

Ngā Āhuatanga Hanga Whare o te Panthéon

Ko ētahi āhuatanga matua o te hoahoanga o te Panthéon:

Te Dome:

Ko te tuanui o te Panthéon tētahi o ōna āhuatanga motuhake.

He tuanui raima nui e tautokona ana e te mowhiti o ngā pou.

Kei te tihi o te tuanui he matapihi e werohia ana, e tuku ana i te māramatanga taiao ki roto.

Te Oculus:

He kōhao nui te oculus i te tihi o te tuanui o te Panthéon.

Ka tukuna te māramatanga taiao ki roto, ā, ka whakaratohia hoki te hauhautanga ki te whare.

Ko te oculus anō hoki te tohu o te whakatapua a te Pantheon ki ngā atua katoa.

Te Whakamarumaru:

He whakamahau tō te Panthéon me ngā pou Kōriniti e waru.

Ko te whakamahau te tomokanga matua ki te whare.

Te Rotunda:

Ko te whare porotaka te wāhi matua o roto o te Panthéon.

He wāhi porowhita tēnei, he tuanui teitei tōna.

He mea whakapaipai te whare porotaka ki ngā mosaic me ngā peita o ngā wāhanga o te hītori o Wīwī.

Te Wharepaku:

He rūma nui kei raro i te whenua te kōpū, kei reira ngā urupā o ngā tāngata rongonui o Wīwī.

Hoahoanga Neoclassical

Ko te Panthéon tētahi tauira tino pai o te hoahoanga Neoclassical.

Ko te hoahoanga neoclassical he momo hoahoanga i puta mai i waenganui o te rautau 18.

I ahu mai i ngā hoahoanga tawhito o Kariki me Rōma onamata.

Ko te hoahoanga neoclassical e tohuhia ana e tōna ōritetanga, tōna taurite me te whakamahinga o ngā huānga tawhito pērā i ngā pou, ngā pediment me ngā dome.

Ko te Panthéon he tauira tino pai o te hoahoanga Neoclassical.

He whare ōrite, he taurite te āhua o mua.

He mea whakapaipai te mata o mua o te whare ki ngā pou o te ahua o Koriniti, me te taha o mua o te whare he mea whakairo ki ngā whakairo nā Pierre-Jean David d'Angers.

He tuanui teitei anō hoki tō te Panthéon, he āhuatanga motuhake o te hoahoanga Neoclassical.

Ngā Auahatanga Hangarau

He mea whakamiharo anō hoki te Panthéon mō te hangarau me te hanganga.

He maha ngā tikanga auaha i whakamahia e Soufflot i roto i te hanganga o te Panthéon.

Hei tauira, i whakamahia e ia ngā pou rino hei whakakaha i te tuanui. I whakamahia anō hoki e ia he pūnaha pakitara takirua hei tautoko i te taumaha o te tuanui.

I tika ngā mahi auaha a Soufflot nā te mea he whare nui, he whare taumaha hoki te Panthéon.

Ko te tuanui o te Panthéon te tuarua o ngā tuanui raima kore-whakapakari nui rawa atu o te ao.

Nā tēnei ka waiho te Panthéon hei tētahi o ngā whare teitei rawa atu i Parī.

Whakaahua Matua: Ben Guerin i runga i te Unsplash