Hītori o Niagara Falls

Ko Niagara Falls, he wairere i te awa o Niagara i te raki-mā-rāwhiti o Amerika Te Raki, tētahi o ngā wāhi rongonui o te whenua.

Kei te rohe o Kanata me te Hononga o Amerika ngā wairere.

Mō ngā tekau tau, e mano tini ngā manuhiri i kukume mai i ngā wairere, me te hunga hoki e hiahia ana ki ngā mahi whakakatakata pērā i te hikoi taura kikī, te reihi oko rānei.

Heoi anō, kua piki haere te ataahua me te ahurei o te wāhi hei āhuatanga ā-tinana.

Kia mōhio koe ki te hītori o Niagara Falls i konei i a koe e mātakitaki ana i te mahi toi mutunga kore o te taiao mā roto i te tirohanga o te wā.

Te Hanganga o ngā Wairere

Pērā i te toenga o te Rohe o Ngā Roto Nui, he taonga tuku iho a Niagara Falls nō te Wā Hukapapa whakamutunga. E miriona tau te roa o te hītori whenua o Niagara Falls.

Nā te kaha mutunga kore o te horo me te hukapapa i hanga, ka hua ake te mīharotanga taiao e kitea ana e tātou i ēnei rā.

I te 18,000 tau ki muri, i kī tonu te tonga o Ontario i ngā papa hukapapa e 2 ki te 3 kiromita te matotoru.

I te nekehanga o te hukapapa ki te tonga, i keria ngā takotoranga o ngā roto nui.

Kātahi, i a rātou e rewa ana ki te raki mō te wā whakamutunga, ka ringihia e rātou he nui o te wai rewa ki roto i ēnei peihana.

He "wai parataiao" tō tātou wai, arā, 1% noa iho ka taea te whakahou i ia tau, ko te toenga ka ahu mai i ngā papa hukapapa.

I te 12,500 tau ki muri, kāore he huka i roto i te Koronerua o Niagara.

I te hokinga whaka-te-raki o te hukapapa, ka rere ngā wai rewa mā roto i te roto o Erie, te awa o Niagara, me te roto o Ontario, ā, ka tae atu ki te awa o St. Lawrence me te Moana Ataratiki.

Mai i te roto o Erie ki te roto o Ontario, e rima ngā awa turuturu i te tīmatanga.

I te mutunga ka whakahokia iho ēnei ki raro ki tētahi, ki ngā Wairere o Niagara taketake, i te pari o Queenston-Lewiston.

I tīmata te horo haere o ngā wairere i konei mā roto i te papa toka.

I hurihia ngā wai rewa mai i ngā awaawa hukapapa mā te raki o Ontario, kia kore ai e puta i te ara ki te tonga.

Mō ngā tau 5,000 i muri mai, i noho tonu te roto o Erie ki te haurua o tōna rahi o nāianei, ā, i whakaitihia te awa o Niagara ki te 10% pea o tōna rere o nāianei.

I hurihia ngā wai rewa mā te tonga o Ontario tata ki te 5,500 tau ki muri, ā, i whakahokia ai te kaha o te awa me Falls ki tōna mana katoa.

Kātahi ka tae ngā Wairere ki Whirlpool. He tūtakitanga iti, he tutu hoki, he wā whenua i roa mō ngā wiki noa iho.

I tēnei wā, ka tutaki ngā rerenga taitamariki o te awa o Niagara ki tētahi awa tawhito i tanumia, i hiritia hoki i te Wā Hukapapa whakamutunga.

Nā ngā Wairere i keria tēnei awaawa i tanumia, i horoia te takere tawhito o te awa, ā, i tangohia atu ngā paru hukapapa i whakakī i te awa.

I mahue iho i a ia he hurihanga 90-tohu i roto i te awa e mōhiotia nei i ēnei rā ko Whirlpool, me te raupapa ngaru tū whānui rawa atu o Amerika Te Raki e mōhiotia nei i ēnei rā ko Whirlpool Rapids.

Kātahi ka tū anō te Wairere ki te taha o te Piriti o Whirlpool Rapids, ā, ka tīmata anō tana haerenga i roto i te toka totoka ki tōna tūranga o nāianei.

Te Hukapapa o ngā Wairere

Kotahi anake te wā i mutu ai te rere o Niagara Falls nā te hukapapa, arā, i te 29 o Poutū-te-rangi, 1848.

Whai muri i te hotoke hukapapa, ka tīmata te pakaru o te huka matotoru o te roto o Erie i te wā mahana i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi.

Nā tēnei i puta ai te huka i te waha o te awa o Niagara, ā, kāore i rere te wai ki ngā Horseshoe Falls.

Ina pakaru te wai i runga i te wairere ki roto i ngā toka i raro, ka totoka, ka hanga ko "Te Piriti Hukapapa," e hono ana i te taha o Amerika me Kanata.

He maha ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, he wāhi rongonui te Piriti Hukapapa mō ngā tūruhi, ā, ka huihui ngā manuhiri ki runga i te piriti ki te matakitaki i te ataahua i hangaia e te makariri o te hotoke.

Ka huihui ngā manuhiri o Kānata me te Hononga o Amerika ki runga i te piriti ki te kai i ngā kai me ngā inu hou.

Ka whakatūria e ētahi kaipakihi ngā tūnga hokohoko mā ngā manuhiri i ēnei marama makariri.

Tae noa ki te puta mai o tētahi aituā kino i te 4 o Pēpuere 1912, i te wā i motu ai te piriti, ā, tokotoru ngā tāngata i toremi ki te awa.

Kua rāhuitia te hikoi i runga i te Piriti Hukapapa mai i te wā i puta ai te aituā.

E mōhiotia ana ka hukapapa ngā wairere i te nuinga o te hotoke, ahakoa kāore e hukapapa katoa i te wairere, i te awa rānei o Niagara.

Ko te āhua o te hukapapa e puea ake ana i waho o te wairere, i puta ai te whakaaro kua tino hukapapa ngā wairere.

Engari i raro i taua anga o waho, ka rere tonu te wai i raro i ngā wairere.

Te Tūhuratanga o Niagara Falls

Ko ngā tāngata whenua o te rohe o Niagara te hunga tuatahi i kite i te mana o ngā rerenga wai o Niagara.

Ko Matua Louis Hennepin, he pirihi Wīwī, te Pākehā tuatahi ki te tuhi i te rohe.

I te tau 1678, i miharo ia ki te rahi me te hiranga o ngā rerenga wai o Niagara.

I te hokinga o Hennepin ki Parani, ka whakaputaina e ia te pukapuka “A New Discovery,” he kōrero mō āna haerenga.

Mō te wā tuatahi, i kawea mai e te pukapuka ngā Wairere o Niagara ki te aro o te ao Hauāuru, ā, i whakaohooho i te tūhuratanga atu o te rohe.

Nā te whanaketanga o te pūnaha tereina i te tekau tau atu i 1800 i kukume mai ai te tini me te mano ki Niagara Falls, ā, he wāhi rongonui tēnei mō ngā tūruhi o te ao katoa.

I haere honi a Jerome Bonaparte, te teina o Napoleon Bonaparte, me tana wahine Amerikana i te Falls i te tau 1804.

E ai ki te hītori o Niagara Falls, nāna i tīmata te tikanga honi i Niagara Falls.

Ka tīmata koe i tētahi haerenga whakamiharo, e tūtaki ai te ataahua me te whakahihiri – tikina ō tīkiti ki Niagara Falls inaianei, ka ruku ki roto i ngā mea whakamiharo o ngā wairere!

Te Kaha o te Wairere

Nā te kaha pea o Niagara Falls i kukume mai ngā kaipakihi i mahi ki te whakamahi i tōna kaha mā te whakamahi i ngā wira wai hei whakakaha i ngā mira me ngā wheketere.

I te tau 1895, i tū te teihana whakaputa hiko wai nui tuatahi o te ao ki Niagara Falls.

Heoi, i whakamahia e te tipu he pūnaha iahiko tika (DC) e taea ai te tuku hiko i te tawhiti 100 iāri anake.

I te tau 1896, i whakaaturia e Nikola Tesla, te miihini hiko rongonui, ka taea e ia te tuku hiko mai i Niagara Falls ki Buffalo, New York, mā te whakamahi i tana motuka hiko hou (AC).

Koinei te whakamahinga arumoni tuatahi o te pūnaha AC i tawhiti, e whakamahia tonutia ana i ēnei rā.

I te Teihana Hiko o Schoellkopf kua whakahoroa inaianei, i hokona te hiko hei taonga hokohoko.

Ko tētahi o ngā hua tino nui o Niagara Falls ko te hiko wai.

Ko te kaha katoa o ngā tipu hiko i ngā taha e rua o te Falls, i Amerika me Kānata, he 2.4 miriona kilowatts.

Ka whakaitihia e tētahi tiriti o te ao te rere o te wai i runga ake i ngā Wairere o Niagara i te pō kia nui ake ai te wai e rere ana ki roto i ngā puna wai e whakamahia ana mō te whakaputa hiko.

Mā tēnei mahere ka tiakina te ataahua taiao o ngā wairere i ngā wā tino pukumahi.

Te hītori o te tipu hiko o Niagara Falls

I te mutunga o te rautau 1800, i kitea e ngā kaihanga auaha pērā i a Nikola Tesla rāua ko George Westinghouse te pūmanawa o Niagara Falls kāore anō kia whakamahia.

Neke atu i te rau tau te hītori o tēnei kamupene he tohu i tētahi mahi hangarau whakamiharo i whakarerekē i te whenua o te whakaputa hiko.

Ko te whakatūnga o te Kamupene Hiko o Niagara Falls i te tau 1886 te tīmatanga o tētahi kaupapa nui ki te hanga i tētahi tipu hiko.

Nā Edward Dean Adams i ārahi te mahi tahi a te kamupene me Tesla, nāna i tautoko te pūnaha hiko tauutuutu (AC) i te pūnaha hiko tika (DC) a Thomas Edison.

Ko te angitu o te tuku hiko mai i ngā wairere ki Buffalo, New York, i te 26 o Ākuhata 1895, he tohu nui tēnei mō te whakaputa me te tohatoha hiko.

Kei roto ko ngā wira wai 5,000-hōiho me ngā whakaputa hiko AC toru-wāhanga nui.

I te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te hiko, i whakawhānuihia, i whakahoutia hoki te Whare Hiko o Niagara Falls.

I ēnei rā, ko te Whare Hiko o Niagara Falls tonu te tohu pumau mō te auahatanga tangata me te pūmanawa o te pūngao hou.

Kia rite ki te rongo i te haruru nui o te whatitiri me te waihanga i ngā maharatanga e kore e warewaretia me te tīkiti Journey Behind the Falls.

Tūhurahia ngā hōhonutanga huna o tētahi o ngā mea whakamiharo taiao rongonui o te ao.

Te hītori o te Ana o ngā Hau o Niagara Falls

He wheako whakahihiri o ngā rerenga nui o Niagara Falls te Ana o ngā Hau i Niagara Falls ki ngā manuhiri.

I tīmata te hītori o te Ana o ngā Hau i te tau 1841 i te hanganga o tētahi arawhata rakau, hei tuku i ngā manuhiri maia ki raro i te awaawa.

I tapaina tuatahitia ko "Aeolus Cave" i muri i te atua Kariki o te hau, ā, i whakaratohia he tirohanga tata atu ki ngā Wairere o te Bridal Veil.

I roto i ngā tau, i whakahoutia, i hangaia anō ngā arawhata me ngā papaaho hei whakapai ake i te haumaru me te urunga atu.

I whakawhanakehia e rātou tētahi pūnaha ahurei i whakamahi i te mana o ngā wairere hei whakaputa hiko, hei whakahaere i ngā haerenga poti a te "Maid of the Mist" me te whakamārama i ngāWairere o Niagara i te pō.

I hangaia anō ngā ara hīkoi me ngā papa rakau, kia puta ai he tirohanga whakamiharo ki ngā rerenga o Bridal Veil Falls.

Whakaahua Matua: En.wikipedia.org