Hītori o te Pourewa o Eiffel

Ko te Eiffel Tower , e kore e kore, te wāhi rongonui rawa atu o te ao.

Nā te ataahua o te pourewa i kukume mai ai te miriona tāngata ki te toro atu ki tēnei hanganga whakahīhī.

E mōhiotia ana tēnei pourewa, e horapa ana i te rangi o Parī mō ngā tau neke atu i te 127, me te whakahīhī anō hoki o Parī, te tāone o ngā Rama.

Me whakaoti te haerenga ki Parī mā te tū ki tēnei wāhi rongonui.

I hangaia i waenganui i te tau 1887 me te tau 1889 mō te Whakaaturanga o te Ao, ā, mai i taua rā, kāore i kore te miharo o ngā manuhiri.

Ahakoa te whakamīharo me te angitu o tēnei wāhi rongonui i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, he kōrero anō kei te hītori o te Pourewa o Eiffel.

He nui ngā kōrero mō tēnei pourewa, mai i te kōwhiringa hoahoa tae atu ki ngā whakahoutanga.

He kōrero poto mō te hītori o te Pourewa o Eiffel:

I te tīmatanga i mōhiotia ko te Tour Eiffel, i hangaia mō te whakaaturanga o te ao i te tau 1889, hei whakanui i te whakamaharatanga 100 tau o te Huringa Wīwī.

Neke atu i te 107 ngā hoahoa i whakaarohia hei hanga i tētahi hanganga hei whakaatu i te mana me ngā pūkenga ahumahi o Wīwī.

I roto i ēnei tono 107, i whiriwhiria te whakaaro o Gustave Eiffel.

Nā Gustave Eiffel, te miihini a Maurice Koechlin, a Émile Nouguier, me te kaihoahoa a Stephen Sauvestre i hoahoa tēnei hanganga rino whakahīhī.

Hei mārama ki te takenga mai o te Pourewa o Eiffel, he mea nui kia mārama ki te hunga katoa i uru ki te hanganga o te Pourewa o Eiffel me te wā i hangaia ai.

Anei tētahi kohinga kōrero e whakaatu ana i te whanaketanga o te hanganga o te Pourewa o Eiffel.

Kaupapa Hanga:

• Hune 1884: I puta te whakaaro ki te hanga i tētahi pourewa rino e 300 mita te teitei.
• 28 o Hānuere 1887: Ka tīmata te hanganga o te Pourewa o Eiffel.
• 1 o Āperira 1888: I oti te papa tuatahi.
• 14 o Ākuhata 1888: I oti te papa tuarua.
• 31 o Poutū-te-rangi 1889: Ko te tuatoru me te wāhanga whakamutunga i oti ai te hanganga.

I te 31 o Poutū-te-rangi, 1889, i whakatuwheratia mana te Pourewa o Eiffel. I piki a Gustave Eiffel i ōna arawhata 1,710, ā, i tū ki te tihi, me te whakahīhī i te haki tae-toru o Wīwī.

Ngā Tau Matua:

Hoahoa:

• 18,038 Ngā Wāhanga Whakarewa
• 5,300 Hoahoa Awheawhe
• 50 Ngā Kaihanga me ngā Kaihoahoa

Te Hanganga:

• 150 ngā kaimahi i te wheketere o Levallois-Perret
• 150 ki te 300 ngā kaimahi i te papa hangahanga
• 2,500,000 ngā rivet
• 7,300 tāne o te rino
• 60 tāne o te peita
• 5 ngā ararewa

Roanga:

• 2 tau, 2 marama me te 5 rā o te hanganga

Te hoahoa o te Pourewa o Eiffel:

I te tau 1884, i hangaia e Emile Nouguier rāua ko Maurice Koechlin tētahi pourewa me ngā pou e whā o ngā anga mahi whatunga i honoa e ngā anga whakarewa i ngā wā pūmau.

I te 18 o Hepetema, 1884, i tukuna e Eiffel he pateni mō "tētahi whirihoranga hou e āhei ai te hanga i ngā tautoko whakarewa me ngā pourewa ka taea te eke ki te teitei o te 300 mita."

I muri i tēnei, ka tukuna e Gustave Eiffel, Maurice Koechlin, Emile Nouguier, me Stephen Sauvestre te hoahoa toa mō te pourewa, he 125 mita te whānui o te turanga tapawhā, ā, i tīpakohia mai i roto i ngā whakaurunga 107.

He Putanga Tuatahi Ahurei:

I te tīmatanga, i hangaia te Pourewa o Eiffel me ngā momo whakapaipai maha, pērā i ngā turanga kōhatu, ngā pihi nunui, ngā rūma he pakitara karāhe, me te tihi āhua-puru.

Heoi, he torutoru noa iho ngā mea whakapaipai i tiakina i roto i te hoahoa whakamutunga, pērā i ngā pou nunui i te turanga.

Te Hanganga:

I tīmata te hanganga o te Pourewa o Eiffel i te 26 o Hānuere 1887.

I huihui mai tētahi rōpū o ngā kaipūtaiao, ngā miihini me ngā tohunga pāngarau e 72 ki te hanga i tēnei pourewa whakahīhī.

Kua whakairohia ēnei ingoa e 72 katoa ki te pourewa hei tohu whakaute.

I ahu mai te hoahoa o te pourewa i te Latting Observatory o New York, i hangaia i te tau 1853.

He nui ngā rangahau me ngā rangahau i mahia e Gustave Eiffel mā rātou ko tana tīma ki te hanga i tētahi pourewa ka taea te tu atu i ngā hau i taua teitei.

E 2,500,000 ngā rivet i hiahiatia hei pupuri i ngā wāhanga rino e 18,038, he tika tae atu ki te whakatekau o te mirimita, hei hanga i tēnei hanganga whakahīhī.

Ko ia rino i whakamahia mō te pourewa i hangaia mō te wheketere o Gustave Eiffel i Levallois-Perret i ngā taha o Parī.

I tīmata te hanganga mā te waihanga i ngā turanga raima hei tautoko i te turanga o te pou rino.

E rima marama te roa ki te hanga i te turanga, ā, i muri mai ka rua tekau mā tahi marama te roa ki te whakaoti i te tihi.

I muri i te tatari roa mō ngā tau e rua, ngā marama e rua, me ngā rā e rima, mai i te 26 o Hānuere 1887, kua rite te whakatuwheratanga o te Pourewa o Eiffel i te whakaaturanga o te ao i te tau 1889, te Exposition Universelle.

Nā tōna hanganga rino, i tapaina te pourewa ko 'La Dame de Fer' ko 'Te Wahine Rino' rānei.

Ngā whakahē i pā ki:

He arotake tuatahi kei te hītori o te Pourewa o Eiffel.

I te tau 1885, i whakatakotoria e Gustave Eiffel te hoahoa o te pourewa ki te Société des Ingénieurs Civils kia whakaaetia.

Whai muri i ngā tautohetohe me ngā kōrerorero pāpori maha, i whakaaetia e te komiti nāna i whakarite te Exposition Universelle te hoahoa i te tau 1886.

Ahakoa i ranea te wā tatari kotahi tau, i whakahengia anō hoki te pourewa e te tini o ngā tino tangata rongonui.

Kei raro nei ētahi ingoa rongonui mai i ngā umanga rongonui i tū hei whakahē i te hanganga o te Pourewa o Eiffel.

• Kaitito: François Coppée, Leconte de Lisle me Sully Prudhomme
• Kaituhi: Te tama a Guy de Maupassant rāua ko Alexandre Dumas
• Ngā kaitoi: William Bouguereau, Ernest Meissonier, Charles Garnier (kaihoahoa o te Opera), me Charles Gounod (Kaitito Waiata)

I whakahē ēnei tāngata i te Pourewa o Eiffel hei hanganga nunui whakaharahara i tū tika tonu ki waenganui o Parī.

I whakapono rātou he whakangaromanga tēnei o te āhua ataahua o Parī.

Heoi, kāore i roa tēnei wā riri me te whakakorekore, ā, ka neke wawe te kaupapa ki te tīmata i te hanganga o te Iron Lady.

Te Hītori Hanga Whare o te Pourewa o Eiffel:

I te tīmatanga, i tapaina te Pourewa o Eiffel ko 'The Iron Lady' nā te mea he rino te hanganga e piri tahi ana ki ngā rivet.

I hangaia ia wāhanga ki tētahi wāhi rerekē, ā, i kawea mai mā te hariata hōiho ki te papa hanga hei huihuinga.

I whai whakaaro ngā kaihanga piriti mohio nāna i hanga te piriti ki te ātete ki te hau, ahakoa ngā whakapae mō te korenga o te piriti e ū ki ngā mātāpono hangarau.

He mea hanga tōna turanga pakari me ōna āwhata piko hei ātete i ngā hau kaha.

I hangaia te Pourewa mō ngā tau e rua me ngā marama e rua, ā, kei te mau tonu i tēnei rā, e whakaatu ana i te tika o ngā kaihanga.

He Pūnaha Maha-Mahi:

I te tau 1909, i whakaroahia te raihana o te Eiffel Tower i te mea he wāhi pai mō ngā rangahau pūtaiao.

I tono a Gustave Eiffel ki ngā kaipūtaiao kia whakamahia te Pourewa mō ngā rangahau huarere, ā-rangi, me ētahi atu rangahau nā te mea i hiahia ia kia ataahua, kia whai hua hoki.

Ko tētahi atu take o te Pourewa o Eiffel he mea nui mō te waea ahokore, ā, he mea nui anō hoki i ngā Pakanga o te Ao.

Kei te whakamahia tonutia mō te whakatū i ngā rihi amiorangi me ngā pūihi pouaka whakaata, ā, he wāhanga hoki o te whenua o Parī.

Te Hītori o ngā Rama o te Pourewa o Eiffel:

• I mua i te Hiko:

I te whakatuwheratanga mana o te Pourewa i te tau 1889, i whakauruhia ki ngā rama hau tekau mano hei whakamārama mai i te whenua. I te tihi, i hangaia he rama tohu.

• I muri i te Hiko:

I te tekau tau atu i 1990, i whakakapia ngā rama hau ki ngā pūrama hiko.

I te Whakaaturanga o te Ao i te tau 1937, i whakamāramahia te anga o te Pourewa i raro i te papa tuatahi me waenganui i ngā pou e whā.

Hei whakamārama i te Pourewa mai i waho, e 30 ngā rama rama i tāpirihia. I te tau 1958, e 1,290 ngā rama iti i tāutahia huri noa i te Pourewa hei whakakapi.

• Ngā Whakahoutanga:

I whakahoutia te pūnaha rama i te tau 1985, ā, e 336 ngā rama kohu-konutai i tāutahia ki roto i te hanganga.

E 20,000 ngā rama kanapa i tāpirihia ki te anga o te Pourewa i te 1 o Hānuere, 2000. Nā ngā rama e whā i whakakapi te rama o te tihi.

Hītori o ngā Wharekai o te Pourewa o Eiffel:

Haunga ōna hoahoanga whakamiharo, kei roto hoki i te hītori o te Eiffel Tower ōna wharekai, kua noho hei wāhanga nui o te taonga tuku iho o te hanganga rongonui.

• 1889: E whā ngā whare rakau whakahīhī i te papa tuatahi o te Pourewa o Eiffel i te wā i hangaia ai.

E 500 ngā nohoanga e wātea ana i ia o ēnei wharekai, ko Flamad, ko Russian Restaurant, me Brébant.

• 1937: I whakahoroa hei whakarite mō te Whakaaturanga Ao o te tau 1937. E rua ngā wharekai hou i tāpirihia ki te papa tuatahi kua whakahoutia.
• 1980s, ka riro ano i a La Belle France me Le Parisien nga wharekai.
• 1993: I whakaurua te wharekai Jules Verne ki te Pourewa o Eiffel.
• 1996: Ko te teitei 95, 95 mita i runga ake i te taumata o te moana, te mea hou rawa atu o te pourewa.
• Ngā tau 2000: Ko te ingoa o te wharekai i te papa tuatahi ko 58 Tour Eiffel.
• 2022: I whakakapia te Tour Eiffel 58 e Madame Brasserie.

Te Pourewa o Eiffel i tēnei rā:

I ēnei rā, e mōhiotia ana a Eiffel Tower ko te wāhi rongonui rawa atu hei toro atu, ko te whakahīhī hoki o Parī.

He tauira tēnei o te hiranga o te ahumahi me te hoahoanga o Wīwī ki te toenga o te ao.

Neke atu i te 7 miriona tāngata e manaakihia ana i ia tau, ā, koinei te wāhi tūruhi utu nui rawa atu e torohia ana.

Heoi, i hangaia mō te Expedition Universelle anake, ā, i whakaarohia kia whakahoroa i muri i te 20 tau.

E tū teitei tonu ana tēnei pourewa i muri i te 130 tau, ā, kua rongonui ia hei tohu mō Parani.

He nui te mahi i pau ki te hanga, ā, he maha hoki ngā wero. Engari i te mutunga, he kōrero angitu te hītori o te Pourewa o Eiffel mō Parī me ōna tāngata.

Whakaahua Matua: Toureiffel.paris