Whare Taonga Toi Hou (MoMA) Hoahoa Whare
Gargi Mallik
·10 min read
Kei tētahi wāhi pai rawa atu te Whare Taonga Toi Hou (MoMA) i Midtown Manhattan, kei roto i tētahi matatini whare i hangaia e ngā kaihoahoa maha.
Kei tēnei whare toi rongonui o te Tāone o Niu Ioka ētahi o ngā nekehanga toi tino hurihanga o te rautau 20 me te 21.
E whakaata ana te hanganga ā-tinana o te whare taonga i tōna wairua auaha anō hoki.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka rukuhia e tātou te haerenga hoahoanga a MoMA , ka tūhuratia ngā hinengaro kei muri i tōna hoahoa me te whanaketanga o tōna āhua.
Hītori o te Hanga Whare o te MoMA
I tīmata te kōrero a MoMA i ngā wāhi reti, he tawhiti rawa atu i tōna kāinga tuturu o nāianei.
Ngā Tau Tōmua: Ngā Wāhi Rēti (1929-1939)
I whakatuwheratia ngā tatau o te whare taonga i te papa 12 o te Whare Heckscher i Fifth Avenue i te tau 1929.
Heoi, i whakarerekētia te wāhi reti nā te mea kua nui rawa ngā wāhi reti o te whare taonga, ā, i hiahiatia he whare motuhake hei pupuri i ana kohinga taonga e tipu haere ana, hei manaaki hoki i ngā manuhiri.
He Whare i Hangaia e te Ritenga (1939)
I te tau 139, i tonoa e te whare taonga ngā kaihoahoa a Philip Goodwin rāua ko Edward Durell Stone ki te hoahoa i tōna whare tuturu tuatahi ki te Tiriti 53 o te Hauāuru.
I whai wāhi nui a Goodwin, he kaitiaki whare taonga, ki te hanga i te tirohanga whānui.
I taua wā anō, nā Stone, he tangata pūkenga e tipu haere ana i roto i ngā mahi hoahoanga, i whakamāori taua tirohanga ki tētahi hoahoa raima.
I hangaia tēnei whare i roto i te Kāhua o te Ao, ā, he mārama ngā rārangi, he āhua ā-ira, me te aro nui ki te whaihuatanga.
He whare raima me te karāhe ātaahua, he maeneene, e ono ngā papa, me te rūma raro katoa e 708,000 putu tapawha te rahi.
Ko tētahi āhuatanga rongonui ko te Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, he māra e whakarato ana i tētahi wāhi marino o waho mō ngā manuhiri.
Te Māra Whakairo
Kei roto i te ngākau o te MoMA te Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden.
He piringa tēnei mō ngā mahi toi tuwhera kua whakauruhia rautakitia ki roto i te hoahoanga o te whare taonga.
I whakatuwheratia te māra whakairo, i hangaia e Philip Johnson, te kaiwhakahaere tuatahi o te tari hoahoanga o MoMA, i te tau 1953.
I whakaarohia e Johnson te wāhi hei "rūma kore tuanui," e hanga ana i ngā wāhi māpere e whā, he āhua kore taurite, hei whakaatu i ngā whakairo.
Mā tēnei hoahoa ka taea te whakarite i tētahi wheako mātakitaki kua whiriwhiria paitia, e wehewehe ana i ngā mahi takitahi me te pupuri tonu i te rere o te rere me te hononga ki te hoahoanga e karapoti ana.
He maha ngā mahi a te māra whakairo.
- He wāhi marino o waho tēnei mō ngā manuhiri ki te whakangā me te whakaaroaro ki ngā mahi toi.
- He taiao ahurei anō hoki tēnei mō te wheako i ngā whakairo nunui, e āhei ai ngā kaimātakitaki ki te maioha ki ngā mahi toi mai i ngā koki rerekē me te māramatanga tūturu.
- Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā whakairo hou me ngā whakairo o nāianei me ngā rārangi mā o te whare taonga ka waihangahia he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hihiri i waenganui i te toi me te hoahoanga.
I roto i ngā tau, kua noho te māra whakairo hei tohu whenua rongonui.
He wāhi rongonui tēnei mō te hunga e aroha ana ki ngā mahi toi me ngā manuhiri noa, e tuku ana i tētahi wā okiokinga hou mai i ngā taiwhanga toi o roto o te whare taonga.
Te Hurihanga o te MoMA (1958-2019)
Nā te tipu haere tonu o te kohinga taonga me te turanga manuhiri o MoMA, i maha ngā whakawhānui me ngā whakahoutanga i mahia puta noa i tōna hītori.
Nā ēnei panonitanga i nui ake ai te wāhi, ā, i whakaata mai hoki i ngā hiahia hoahoanga me ngā tikanga pai o ngā whare taonga.
1958: I whakahoutia te papa tuarua o te whare taonga me tētahi mata karaihe hou e tiro atu ana ki te Māra Whakairo o Abby Aldrich Rockefeller.
Nā tēnei i pai ake ai te uru mai o te mārama taiao, ā, i whakakaha ake ai te hononga i waenga i ngā wāhi whakaaturanga o roto, o waho hoki.
1964: I hangaia e Skidmore, Owings & Merrill tētahi whakawhānui nui ki te rawhiti hei whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō te wāhi taiwhanga toi.
Nā tēnei tāpiritanga i whakarato ētahi atu rūma hei whakaatu i te kohinga a te whare taonga, me tētahi whare whakaari hou mō ngā huihuinga me ngā kauhau.
Te Whare o Taniguchi (2004-2006)
Nā tēnei whakawhānuitanga, i hoahoatia e Yoshio Taniguchi, i tāpiri atu he 630,000 putu tapawha o te wāhi hou, ā, i hangaia anōtia, tae atu ki te Whare Peggy rāua ko David Rockefeller me te Whare Mātauranga me te Rangahau a Lewis B. rāua ko Dorothy Cullman.
2019: I uru atu a Diller Scofidio + Renfro me Gensler ki te whakahoutanga nui, hou rawa atu.
Nā tana kaupapa i tino whakarerekē te MoMA, i hangaia he taiao tuwhera ake, he taiao wātea ake hoki. Ko ngā huringa matua ko: Te whakanui ake i te wāhi whakaaturanga: I tāpirihia e te whakahoutanga neke atu i te 40,000 putu tapawha o te wāhi taiwhanga motuhake, ā, i taea ai e te whare taonga te whakaatu i te nuinga o ana kohinga me te whakaatu i ngā mahi toi i roto i ngā huarahi hou, maha-mātauranga.
Te urunga atu ki te wāhi pai ake: I arotahi te whakahoutanga ki ngā āhuatanga urunga atu, kia pai ake ai te taiao mō ngā manuhiri katoa.
He māramatanga ake: I whakauruhia e te hoahoa he tahora tuwhera ake, ā, i whakamahia whānuitia te karāhe hei waihanga i tētahi āhuarangi kanapa ake, ātaahua ake hoki puta noa i te whare taonga.
Hoahoa Whare MoMA
E whakakotahi ana te momo hoahoanga o te whare MoMA i ngā āhuatanga hou me ngā āhuatanga tuku iho o ngā Beaux-Arts.
E whakaata ana tēnei i te kaupapa matua a te whare taonga ki te whakanui me te wero i te ahurea me te hapori hou.
Ko tōna hoahoanga he tauira pai o te Kāhua Ao Whānui, he kaupapa i puta mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20 i whakanuia ai ngā rārangi ma, ngā āhua ā-ira, me te mahi whaihua, kaua ko ngā whakapaipai.
I whakaatahia e te whare MoMA ēnei mātāpono me ōna:
- He māmā noa te mata o waho: He mā, he maeneene hoki te āhua o waho, he mea hanga ki ngā pereti mā.
- Te arotahi ki te mahi: Ko te kaupapa matua a ngā kaihoahoa ko te waihanga i ngā wāhi taiwhanga e mārama ana, e ngāwari ana hoki, hei whakauru i ngā mahi toi kanorau.
I whakaaetia te māramatanga māori e ngā matapihi nui, ā, i āwhina te whakatakotoranga o roto i ngā momo whakaaturanga.
- Te Whakaurunga ki te Taiao: Ko te Māra Whakairo a Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, i whakauruhia ki te hoahoa tuatahi, i whakarato i tētahi wāhi marino o waho i whakakī i ngā āhua ma o te whare, ā, i tukuna hoki he wheako rerekē ki ngā manuhiri.
Te tahora me te wāhi o te Whare MoMA
Kua āta hoahoatia, kua whakawhānuitia hoki te whakatakotoranga me te wāhi o te whare MoMA i roto i ngā tau.
He taiao hihiri, whakahihiri hoki tēnei mō te whakaatu i ngā toi hou me ngā toi o nāianei, me te tuku atu hoki ki ngā manuhiri he whānuitanga o ngā wheako mātauranga me ngā wheako ahurea.
- Kei roto i te whare taonga ngā momo tari maha, tae atu ki te hoahoa whare, ngā tuhi me ngā tānga, te kiriata, ngā pāpāho me te whakaari, te peita me te whakairo, me te whakaahua.
- Kei roto hoki i te whare tētahi māra whakairo i hoahoatia e Philip Johnson i te tau 1953.
- Kei te whare MoMA ngā toa pukapuka, he toa hoahoa, me te rūma noho i te papa ono me te taupee o waho.
Ka taea e ngā manuhiri te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi maha, tae atu ki ngā kōrero ki ngā taiwhanga whakaatu toi, ngā kauwhau, ngā huihuinga, me ngā huihuinga motuhake i roto i tēnei whare.
- Ko te Whare Cullman , te whare tuatahi o te Whare Taonga i whakatapua mō te mātauranga me te rangahau anake, e whakarato ana i te neke atu i te rima ngā wā he nui ake te wāhi mō ngā akomanga, ngā whare whakaaturanga, ngā awheawhe whakangungu kaiako, me te Whare Pukapuka me ngā Pūranga kua whānui ake.
Ka whakarei ake ēnei whare i ngā kaupapa mātauranga me ngā mahi a te whare taonga.
Te Whare Hanga o te MoMA i Tēnei Rā
Kāore te hoahoa o MoMA i te pumau.
Ko ia whakahoutanga me ia whakawhānui e whakaata ana i ngā hiahia hurihuri o te whare taonga me te whanaketanga o te hoahoa hou tonu.
I ēnei rā, he wāhi mahi te hoahoanga o MoMA, ā, e whakaatu ana i te whakapau kaha o te whare taonga ki te whakaatu i ngā mahi toi hou me ngā mahi toi o nāianei i roto i tētahi horopaki e tautoko ana i te tirohanga toi.
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. He aha te momo hoahoa i hangaia ai te whare MoMA taketake?
Ko te whare MoMA taketake, i hangaia e Philip Goodwin rāua ko Edward Durell Stone, he mea whakaahua e te Kāhua Ao Whānui, e whakanui ana i ngā rārangi ma, ngā āhua ā-ira, me te whaihua.
2. I pēhea te hanganga o te Māra Whakairo o Abby Aldrich Rockefeller?
Nā Philip Johnson te Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden i hoahoa i te tau 1953 hei "rūma kore tuanui," e hanga ana i ngā wāhi motuhake kua wharikihia ki te māpere hei whakaatu i ngā whakairo i roto i te hoahoanga o MoMA.
3. Ko wai ngā kaihoahoa matua i muri i ngā whakawhānuitanga nui a te MoMA?
Ko ngā kaihoahoa matua mō ngā whakawhānuitanga o te MoMA ko Philip Johnson, ko Yoshio Taniguchi, me Diller Scofidio + Renfro, ā, he nui ā rātou whakarerekētanga nui ki te wāhi me te hoahoa o te whare taonga.
4. He aha te mea e whai tikanga ai te Whare Taniguchi i roto i te hītori o te MoMA?
I te tau 2006, i tāpirihia e te Whare Taniguchi he 630,000 putu tapawha o te wāhi, tae atu ki ngā taiwhanga toi hou me ngā whare mātauranga, ā, i tino whakarei ake i te kaha o te MoMA ki te whakaatu me te whakaako.
5. He aha te kaupapa matua a te Manatū Mātauranga mō te urunga atu ki ngā wāhi katoa i roto i tana whakahoutanga hou?
I te whakahoutanga o te tau 2019 nā Diller Scofidio + Renfro me Gensler i arotahi ki te urunga atu me ngā āhuatanga kua whakapaitia, ngā whakatakotoranga tuwhera, me te whakamahinga whānui o te karāhe hei waihanga i tētahi āhuarangi manaaki, kanapa hoki mō ngā manuhiri katoa.
Whakaahua Matua: moma.org