Ngā mōhiohio katoa e hiahiatia ana e koe mō te Westminster Abbey!

Ko te Whare Karakia o Westminster, te Whare Karakia o Hato Pita i Westminster, he pae Tuku Iho o te Ao a UNESCO, he whare karakia rongonui hoki.

Kei waenganui o Rānana tēnei wāhi rongonui, ā, kua roa e tū ana ngā karaunatanga kingi, ngā marena me ngā tangihanga.

Nā tōna kororia me tōna hiranga hītori kua kukume mai i te miriona o ngā manuhiri mai i te ao katoa, e hiahia ana ki te ruku i a rātou ki roto i tōna āhua ataahua.

Tūhurahia ngā mea whakamiharo o te hoahoanga o tēnei whare rangatira Gothic, me ōna tuanui teitei, ōna matapihi karāhe tae, me ngā taipitopito kōhatu matatini.

Mai i te Ara Whakamiharo o Cosmati i te Wāhi Tapu ki te Whare Karakia Wahine matatini, ka hurahia e tātou ngā taonga toi o tēnei wāhi.

Ahakoa he tangata aroha koe ki te hītori, he tangata hoahoanga, he tangata hiahia noa rānei ki tēnei tohu whenua rongonui, māu tā mātou raupapa tuhinga ipurangi.

Mā tēnei raupapa mō Westminster Abbey koe e kawe i roto i te wā, e huraina ana ngā meka hītori, ngā mea ngaro me ngā pūrākau o Westminster Abbey.

Nā, kia tirohia ngā kōrero katoa mō te Westminster Abbey.

Hītori hoahoanga

Kia tūhuratia te whanaketanga o te hītori o Westminster Abbey, o Rānana, me te wetewete i ngā kōrero mō tōna hoahoa whakamiharo.

Ka whai tātou i ōna tīmatanga iti hei whare mōneka Benedictine iti, ā, tae noa ki tōna huringa hei whare toi rongonui o te kāhua Kotika.

Kua kitea e ia kōhatu o tēnei hanganga whakamiharo te hiranga nui o te hītori me te ahurea mō ngā rautau maha.

Ka rukuhia e tēnei wāhanga ngā wā matua o te hoahoanga, me te matapaki i te hītori o te hoahoanga o Westminster Abbey.

Wā Anglo-Saxon (rautau 7 ki te 11)

Ko ngā takenga mai o te Westminster Abbey i ahu mai i te rautau 7.

I tēnei wā, i whakatūria he whare mōneka iti nō te iwi Anglo-Saxon ki tēnei wāhi, e mōhiotia nei ko te West Minster.

I hangaia anō te whare mōneka taketake i te rautau 10 i raro i te mana o Kīngi Edgar, tae atu ki tētahi whare karakia kōhatu i whakatapua ki a Hato Pita.

Te Wā o Norman (rautau 11 ki te 12)

I te tau 1065, ka tīmata a Kingi Edward te Kaiwhakaae i te hanganga o tētahi whare mōneka nui ā-Norman ki taua papa.

I muri i te matenga o Edward, i haere tonu te hanganga e tōna uri, e William the Conqueror.

I oti te hanga o te whare mōneka o Norman i te tau 1090 pea, ā, he āhua ripeka tōna me te pourewa o waenganui, ngā pou whakawhiti, me te nave.

Te Wā o Gothic (rautau 13 ki te 16)

I tīmata te whakarerekētanga Gothic o Westminster Abbey i waenganui o te rautau 13 i raro i te manaakitanga a Kingi Henry III.

I te tau 1245, ka tīmata a Henry ki te hanga anō i te taha rawhiti o te whare mōneka, tae atu ki te hanganga o te Whare Karakia Wahine o ēnei rā.

I hangaia anō te tira waiata, te whare pirihi, me ngā arawhata whaka te rawhiti i te momo Gothic Ingarihi tōmua me ngā āwhata koi me ngā matapihi nunui.

I te mutunga o te rautau 14, i tīmata te hanganga o te whare karakia e Henry III.

Ko ētahi o ngā mea rongonui i tāpirihia mai i tēnei wā ko te Whare Karakia rongonui o Henry VII (1503-1519), he tauira tino ataahua o te hoahoanga Porotaka.

Te Wā o te Renaissance me te Baroque (rautau 17 ki te 18)

I te wā o te Reformation Ingarihi i te rautau 16, i tangohia ngā mahi a te Westminster Abbey i roto i ngā whare mōneka, ā, i hurihia hei whare karakia nui e Kingi Henry VIII.

He nui ngā whakarerekētanga o roto, e whakaata ana i te āhua whakapono e huri haere ana.

I te mutunga o te rautau 17, i tukuna he mahi ki a Tā Christopher Wren ki te hoahoa i tētahi whare karakia hou, engari kāore i tutuki te kaupapa.

Ngā Whakaora o te Wīwī me te rautau 20

I te rautau 19, i mahia he whakahoutanga nui hei whakatika i te whare karakia kua pakaru.

Nā Tā George Gilbert Scott i ārahi ngā mahi whakaora, tae atu ki te whakatika me te hanga anō i ngā pou o te nave.

I te rautau 20 i whakahaerehia he whakahoutanga anō hei tiaki i te āhua o te whare karakia.

Ahakoa te whanaketanga o te hoahoanga o Westminster Abbey, i mau tonu te uho o te whare Gothic, me te whakauru anō hoki i ngā huānga o ngā wā rerekē.

Ngā Koroni i te Whare Karakia o Westminster

Ko tēnei whare mōneka rongonui te wāhi tapu i noho ai ngā kīngi o Ingarangi me Peretānia ki te torona mō ngā rautau.

Ka tīmata ngā wā hou i Westminster Abbey, ā, ka hanga hoki i te huarahi o te motu.

Ngā Koronitanga Tōmua (rau tau 11 ki te 12)

Ko te tuatahi o ngā wā i karaunatia ai a William te Kaikōhuru ki Westminster Abbey i te tau 1066, i te wā i karaunatia ai a William te Kaikōhuru hei Kīngi o Ingarangi.

Whai muri i te karaunatanga o William, i karaunatia ngā kīngi o muri mai, tae atu ki a William II, Henry I, me Stephen, ki te whare mōneka.

Te Wā o Plantagenet me Tudor (rautau 13 ki te 16)

He maha ngā karaunatanga rongonui i tū i tēnei wā, tae atu ki:

• Richard I (1189)
• Henare III (1216)
• Eruera I (1274)
• Eruera II (1308)
• Richard II (1377)
• Henare Tuawhā (1399)
• Henare VIII (1509).

Ko tētahi o ngā karaunatanga rongonui ko te karaunatanga o Kuini Irihāpeti I i te tau 1559, te tīmatanga o te wā o Irihāpeti.

Te Wā o Stuart me Hanoverian (rautau 17 ki te 18)

I kite te Whare Karakia o Westminster i ngā karaunatanga o ētahi o ngā kīngi o Stuart me Hanoverian:

• Hemi I (1603)
• Charles I (1626)
• Charles II (1661)
• Hemi II (1685)
• Wiremu III rāua ko Meri II (1689)
• Kuīni Āna (1702)
• Hōri I (1714)
• Hōri II (1727).

Wā Hou (rautau 19-ināianei)

Ko te koronitanga rongonui i Westminster Abbey i tū i te 2 o Hune, 1953, i te wā i karaunatia ai a Kuini Irihāpeti II.

I tū te karaunatanga o Kingi Charles III rāua ko Kuini Camilla ki Westminster Abbey i te Rāhoroi, te 6 o Mei 2023.

Ngā marena i Westminster Abbey

E ruku ana tēnei wāhanga ki te hītori rongonui o te harikoa o te marena i te whare karakia rongonui o Westminster Abbey.

Ngā Marena Rongonui o te Waenganui (rautau 11 ki te 15)

I kite te whare mōneka i ētahi marena kingi:

• Kingi Henry I ki a Matilda o Kōtirana (1100)
• Kingi Henry III ki a Eleanor o Provence (1236)
• Kingi Edward I ki a Eleanor o Castile (1254).

Ko te marena rongonui rawa atu pea o ngā wā o waenganui i Westminster Abbey ko te marena o Kingi Henry V ki a Catherine o Valois i te tau 1420.

Te Wā o Tudor me Stuart (rautau 16 ki te 17)

I te tau 1578, i moe puku a Robert Dudley rāua ko Lettice Knollys, ngā rangatira o Kuini Irihāpeti I, i te whare mōneka.

I te tau 1604, ka moe a Pirinihi Irihāpeti (i muri mai ka mōhiotia ko Kuini Irihāpeti Stuart) i a Frederick V, te Elector Palatine, i tētahi hui nui i Westminster Abbey.

Wā Hou (rautau 19-ināianei)

Ko tētahi o ngā marena rongonui i Westminster Abbey i ngā rautau tata nei ko te marena o Kuini Wikitōria ki a Piriniha Albert o Saxe-Coburg me Gotha i te tau 1840.

Nō nā tata nei, i te 29 o Paenga-whāwhā, 2011, ka moea e Piriniha William, te Tiuka o Cambridge, a Catherine Middleton i tētahi marena rongonui puta noa i te ao i Westminster Abbey.

Ngā tanumanga ki te Whare Karakia o Westminster

Kei te Whare Karakia o Westminster ngā tanumanga me ngā urupā o ngā tino tangata rongonui.

Ko tēnei tohu whenua rongonui te wāhi okiokinga whakamutunga mō ngā kīngi, ngā kuīni, ngā rangatira whenua, ngā kaitito, me ngā tino tangata rongonui o te hītori.

Haere mai ki te tūhura i ngā whare tapu o te whare mōneka, te wāhi e mau tonu ai ngā taonga tuku iho o ēnei tāngata whakamiharo.

Ngā Tāngihanga o te Waenganui me ngā Tūdor (rautau 11 ki te 16)

I tanumia ētahi o ngā kīngi ki Westminster Abbey i tēnei wā, pērā i:

• Eruera te Kaiwhakaae (1066)
• Henare III (1272)
• Eruera I (1307)
• Eruera III (1377)
• Henare V (1422)
• Henare VII (1509).

I tanumia hoki ngā tino tangata rongonui pērā i a Geoffrey Chaucer, i a Tā Isaac Newton, me Richard II ki roto i ngā pakitara tapu o te whare mōneka.

Te Wā o Stuart me Hanoverian (rautau 17 ki te 18)

Ko ngā tanumanga o ngā tāngata rongonui i tēnei wā ko:

• Irihāpeti I (1603)
• Hemi I (1625)
• Charles II (1685)
• Wiremu III (1702)
• Kuīni Āna (1714)
• Hōri II (1760).

Wā Hou (rautau 19-ināianei)

He tokomaha ngā tino tangata rongonui o ngā momo mara kua tanumia, kua whakanuia rānei ki Westminster Abbey i ngā rautau tata nei, tae atu ki:

• Charles Darwin
• Charles Dickens
• Rudyard Kipling
• Stephen Hawking
• Rawiri Livingstone

Ko te tanumanga hou rawa atu i te whare mōneka ko te tanumanga o Piripi Piripi, te Tiuka o Edinburgh, i te tau 2021.

Ngā kōrero whakamere mō te Whare Karakia o Westminster

Mai i ngā kōrero tuku iho a te kingi ki ngā tuhinga tuku iho, e mau tonu ana te kukume i ngā manuhiri ki tōna taonga tuku iho me ōna hononga hōhonu ki ngā rā o mua.

Anei ētahi kōrero whakamere mō te Whare Karakia o Westminster e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te hītori, o te ahurea, me te hoahoanga o te whare karakia.

Tikanga Whakakoronatanga

Mai anō i te whakawahinga o William the Conqueror i te tau 1066, ko Westminster Abbey te wāhi tuku iho mō ngā karaunatanga o ngā kīngi o Ingarangi me Peretānia.

Mai i taua wā, tata ki ngā kīngi katoa kua karaunatia ki roto i ōna taiepa tapu, ā, he tohu nui tēnei mō te mana kingi me te pumau tonu.

Te Kokonga o ngā Kaitito

Kei roto i te Westminster Abbey ko te Poets' Corner, he wāhanga i whakatapua hei whakamaumahara i ngā tohunga tuhituhi rongonui o te reo Ingarihi.

Kei konei ngā kaituhi rongonui me ngā kaitito e tanumia ana, e whakamaumaharatia ana rānei:

• Geoffrey Chaucer
• Charles Dickens
• Rudyard Kipling
• Hēni Austen
• Wiremu Hākepeka.

Kua riro a Poets' Corner hei wāhi haereere mō te hunga e aroha ana ki ngā tuhinga puta noa i te ao.

Ngā Marena Ariki

He maha ngā marena kingi kua tū ki te Whare Karakia o Westminster puta noa i te hītori.

Ko tētahi o aua marena rongonui ko te marena o Piriniha William, te Tiuka o Cambridge, ki a Catherine Middleton i te tau 2011.

He huihuinga rongonui puta noa i te ao i hopu i ngā whakaaro o te miriona.

He papamuri whakahīhī te hanganga whakamiharo o te whare mōneka mō ēnei whakanuinga nui.

Te Toa Kore Ite

Hei tohu mō te hītori o te Unknown Warrior, ko te Westminster Abbey te takotoranga whakamutunga o te Unknown Warrior.

Ko te urupā e tohu ana i te tini o ngā hōia ngaro i mate i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

He tohu whakamaumahara nui tēnei mō ngā patunga tapu a te hunga i whawhai i ngā pakanga, ā, he tohu honore, he tohu whakawhetai hoki.

Te Whare Karakia o Henry VII

He mea whakamiharo te whare karakia o Henry VII, kei roto i te whare karakia o Westminster Abbey.

I oti te hanga i te tau 1519, e whakaatu ana i te momo āhua porotaka, te pekepeke pā, me ngā whakairo kōhatu whakapaipai.

Ko te whare karakia te takotoranga whakamutunga o Kingi Henry VII me tana wahine, a Elizabeth o York.

He tohu tēnei mō te mana me ngā whakatutukitanga toi o te wā Tudor.

Whakaahua Matua: Britannica.com