Te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa
Apurva Sinha
·9 min read
I tīmata te hanganga o te Whare Pāpetihi o Hato Hoani i Pisa, he whare Katorika Romana i Pisa, i te tau 1152 hei whakakapi i tētahi whare iriiri tawhito.
I whai wāhi te tāone katoa ki tōna hanganga, ā, i oti i te tau 1363, koia te tuarua o ngā hanganga i roto i te Piazza dei Miracoli i muri i te Pourewa Hikoi o Pisa me te puni tū motuhake o te whare karakia nui.
E whakaatu ana i te whakawhiti mai i ngā momo hoahoanga Romanesque ki ngā momo hoahoanga Gothic, me te wāhanga o raro e whakaatu ana i ngā āwhata porowhita, me te wāhanga o runga e whakaatu ana i ngā parirau koi o te Gothic.
Ko te Whare Pāpetihi, he mea hanga ki te māpere Carrara rua-tae pērā i te Whare Karakia o Pisa me te Campanile, e whakaatu ana i ngā whakapaipai putiputi āhuahanga me ngā whakairoiro, e waiho ana hei āhuatanga motuhake o ngā hanganga whakapono o Tuscany.
Mahere Pāpetihi o Pisa
He wāhi tika kia toro atu te whare iriiri mō ngā tūruhi e toro ana ki Pisa me Tuscany, e mōhiotia ana mō ōna hoahoanga ataahua me tōna hiranga hītori.
He tohu nui tēnei mō te tāone o Pisa, me te Whare Karakia o Santa Maria Assunta, te Pourewa Hikoi, me te Urupā Whakamaharatanga.
Kia mārama tātou ki tēnei tohu whenua rongonui:
Te Rapunga Whakaaro Hoahoa
Kei te Piazza dei Miracoli te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa, e mōhiotia ana ko te Whare Pāpetihi o Hato Hoani, i te taha o te Pourewa Hikoi o Pisa me te Whare Karakia o Santa Maria Assunta.
E hia rau tau te roa o tōna hanganga, ā, ko te hua o tēnei he hanumitanga o ngā momo hoahoanga ataahua kua honoa.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Mahere Pāpetihi o Pisa
Hoahoa Porowhita : E whakaatu ana te mahere o te Whare Pāpetihi i tētahi tahora porowhita ahurei, he kōwhiringa hoahoa e wehewehe ana i a ia mai i te Whare Karakia e tata ana. He tohu tēnei āhua i te kotahitanga me te mutunga kore, e hono pinepine ana ki te iriiringa me te whānautanga anō.
E Toru Ngā Taumata : Ko te mahere o te Whare Pāpetihi ko te ara raro, te taiwhanga whakaatu, me te tuanui. Ka tāpirihia e ia taumata te ataahua tirohanga me te hiranga o te kōrero.
Ngā Whare Tākaro me ngā Pou : He ataahua ngā whare tākaro e whakaatu ana i ngā pou o ngā momo hoahoa e whakapaipai ana i te taha o waho o te Whare Pāpetihi, e whakaata ana i ngā wā hoahoa rerekē. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei whare tākaro he ahua o te manawataki me te ataahua ki te hanganga.
Papa Whakarewa : Kei te taumata o te taiwhanga he papa whakarewa ātaahua kua whakapaipaihia ki ngā āhuatanga whakairo. Ka tāpirihia he pa toi ki waho, ā, ka mahi anō hoki hei whakawhiti i waenga i te wāhanga o raro me te wāhanga o runga.
Te Kūpapa me te Rānara : Ko te kūpapa o te Whare Pāpetihi, he rānara kei runga, he tauira whakamiharo o te pūkenga hanga whare. Ko te teitei o te kūpapa me ngā taipitopito matatini o te rānara e kukume ana i te titiro ki runga, ka waiho hei pokapū o te hanganga.
Tohu me te Hiranga
He wāhanga iti noa iho o ngā tohu whakapono me ngā tohu ahurea te Mahere Pāpetihi o Pisa. Ko tōna hoahoa porowhita, e rite ana ki te rangi me te mutunga kore, e tohu ana i te ao tiretiera.
Ko te hanganga papa-toru e tohu ana i te Tokotoru Tapu – te Matua, te Tama, me te Wairua Tapu – he ariā kua tino pūmau ki roto i te whakapono Karaitiana.
Wheako Manuhiri
I tēnei rā, ka whai wāhi ngā manuhiri o te ao katoa ki te tūhura i te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa me tōna mahere whakamiharo.
I a koe e tomo ana ki roto, tukua koe kia haria i roto i te wā, e tū ana i waenganui i ngā taiepa kotahi kua kite i ngā iriiringa maha me ngā huihuinga hītori.
Whakarei ake i tō wheako ki Pisa me tā mātou mōkihi haerenga ārahi whānui, tae atu ki ngā haerenga ki te whare karakia nui, te whare iriiri, te urupā, te whare taonga, me te Pourewa Hikoi rongonui.
Ngā Hāora Whakatuwheratanga o te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa
Ko ngā hāora whakatuwheratanga o te Pisa Baptistery mai i te 8 i te ata ki te 8 i te pō i te wā tino pukumahi o ngā tūruhi, mai i Āperira ki Hepetema.
He rerekē, i te wā kore-pīki, ka paku whakaitihia ngā hāora whakatuwheratanga o te Baptistery mai i Oketopa ki Poutū-te-rangi.
E tuwhera ana ngā tatau o te whare ki te marea mai i te 9 i te ata ki te 5 i te ahiahi.
Ka rerekē ngā hāora whakatuwheratanga i runga i te wā o te tau.
Kimihia ngā wā taipitopito o te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa i te ripanga i raro nei.
| Ngā Marama | Ngā Wā |
|---|---|
| Whiringa-ā-rangi, Hakihea, Hanuere me Pēpuere | 10 i te ata ki te 5 i te ahiahi |
| Maehe | 9 i te ata ki te 6 i te ahiahi |
| Āperira ki Mahuru | 8 i te ata ki te 8 i te pō |
| Oketopa | 9 i te ata ki te 7 i te ahiahi |
Tirohia hoki ngā hāora tuwhera o te Pourewa Hikoi o Pisa, hei whakamahere me te whakakotahi i tō haerenga.
Ngā tīkiti o Pisa Baptistery
Mā ngā tīkiti ki te Pisa Baptistery ka taea e ngā manuhiri te matakitaki i tōna ataahua hoahoanga whakamiharo me ana mahi toi matatini.
He tirohanga poto tēnei ki te hītori o tēnei whakamaharatanga rongonui o Itari.
Ka taea e koe te tūhura i te Whare Pāpetihi nui rawa atu o Pisa i runga i tētahi haerenga ārahi katoa e uru ana ki te whakaurunga ki te Pourewa Hikoi o Pisa me te Whare Karakia o Pisa.
He pai ake te tiki i ō tīkiti i mua i te wā mena kei te hiahia koe ki te toro atu ki te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa i Itari i tētahi rā kua tohua.
Te roto o te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa
I miharo ngā manuhiri e tomo ana ki te Whare Pāpetihi ki ōna hoahoanga whakamiharo me ngā whakapaipai ataahua.
I roto, i kitea e rātou tētahi tuanui ataahua kua whakapaipaihia ki ngā mosaic o te Paipera e whakaatu ana i ngā wāhanga o te Paipera.
Nā te oro pai rawa atu o te whare iriiri i hanga he āhuarangi ahurei, ā, he maha ngā wā ka tū ngā whakaaturanga waiata me ngā kōnohete ki reira.
I whakaatuhia ngā wāhanga o te oranga o te Karaiti i roto i tōna tūru rongonui, i whakairohia e Nicola Pisano i waenganui o te rautau 13.
I a rātou e piki ana ki te taumata o runga, i kite ngā manuhiri i ngā tirohanga whakamiharo o Piazza dei Miracoli, tae atu ki te Pourewa Hikoi o Pisa.
Ko te māmā noa o te Whare Pāpetihi, i kitea anō hoki e te rerekētanga o ngā rārangi māpere mārama me ngā rārangi māpere pouri, i tino miharo ai ngā manuhiri.
He ataahua ngā whakairo o mua o te whare, ā, i nekehia ki te Whare Taonga o Opera del Duomo e tata ana.
He mea whakamere: Kia mahara ki te toro atu ki ngā matrons, arā, ngā taiwhanga toi Byzantine e uru atu ana mā te arawhata porowhita. Mai i runga ake, ka kite koe i te āhua matatini o te papa e karapoti ana i te aata, he kakara Arapi motuhake. Ka kite hoki koe i te oro tino pai o te Baptistery rongonui o te ao; i ia 30 meneti, ka whakatangihia e ngā kaitiaki ētahi oro kia rongo ai koe i te haruru, he mea whakamiharo!
Tūhurahia ngā kōwhiringa tikiti katoa mō te Pourewa Hikoi o Pisa, ka whakarite i tō haerenga kia rite ki ō hiahia.
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. I whakamahia te Whare Pāpetihi i Pisa mō te aha?
I te 15 o Ākuhata 1152, i whakatūria te Whare Pāpetihi o San Giovanni.
I konei ka riro i te Karaitiana te Hakarameta o te Iriiri, ka tīmata hoki tā rātou haerenga whakapono.
I te waenganui o te rautau tekau mā toru, i tino pukumahi anō te papa hanga o te Whare Pāpetihi.
2. He kore utu te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa?
Mā te tīkiti anō hoki te utu whakauru ki te Whare Pāpetihi. Ka taea e koe te hoko tīkiti ki te Whare Pāpetihi i mua i te ipurangi kia kore ai e roa te rārangi i te wāhi rongonui.
3. Kei te anga atu a Pisa Baptistery?
Ki tētahi wāhi, he piko ngā whare nui katoa o te Marae Mira o Pisa. E kitea nuitia ana i te Pourewa Hikoi, engari ka kitea anō hoki i te Whare Pāpetihi me te whare karakia nui.
Ko te Whare Pāpetihi, i hangaia ki runga i te onepū pārūrū pērā i te Pourewa me te whare karakia nui, e anga atu ana ki te whare karakia nui, 0.6 nekehanga.
4. He aha i kiia ai te tūru iriiri o Pisa ko tētahi o ngā tīmatanga o te Renaissance?
Kei runga i te tūru toi ngā whakairo tuatahi o tōna momo, ā, e whakaarohia ana koinei te tīmatanga o tētahi wā hou rawa atu i roto i te hītori toi.
He mahi proto-Renaissance tēnei i tohu i ngā mahi nunui o te Renaissance Itari o te rautau tekau mā rima me te tekau mā ono.
5. He aha te tauira o te Whare Pāpetihi o Pisa?
I te tīmatanga, he rerekē te āhua o te Whare Pāpetihi, e ai ki te kaupapa a Diotisalvi. Tērā pea i rite tōna tuanui piramita ki te Whare Karakia o te Urupā Tapu o Pisa.
Whakaahua Matua: Aliaksandr-antanovich