Te Whare Ariki o Alhambra i Granada Hītori

Kei te karapotia te Whare Ariki o Alhambra i Granada, Pāniora, e ngā tirohanga whakamiharo me ngā tāone o ngā wā o te rautau waenga.

He tauira ataahua tēnei o te taonga tuku iho ahurea o Pāniora me te hoahoanga Ihirama.

He pā iti i te tīmatanga, engari i muri mai ka hurihia e ngā rangatira Mahometa hei pā rangatira whakahīhī.

I ēnei rā, ko tētahi o ngā wāhi hītori tino torohia o te ao, e 2.7 miriona ngā manuhiri i ia tau.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arahina koe e mātou i roto i te hītori o Alhambra me ngā rangatiratanga rerekē i kitea e ia.

Tirohanga Whānui

E ai ki ngā whakaaturanga whakamutunga, ehara te hītori o te Alhambra i te tuhinga noa iho o ngā hanganga me ngā pirau.

E whakaatu ana i te noho o ētahi whare kingi, ō rātou ahurea, ngā momo hoahoanga, te whakamahinga o ngā huānga, ngā whare, me ērā atu mea .

I tino whakamahia e te whānau Nasrid te wai hei hanga i tētahi puna ataahua, marino hoki i ngā whenua maroke o Granada.

I kawea mai e ngā kīngi Karaitiana te awe o te Renaissance, ā, i whakamāramahia te whare Alhambra.

Mai i tētahi pā tūwatawata noa iho, ka whanake hei whare rangatira whakamiharo i roto i te wā, ā, ko tētahi o ngā tauira pai rawa atu o te tiaki i te ahurea me te hītori mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.

Te Hītori o Alhambra (Ngā Wā o Mua)

Ko te hītori o Alhambra, Granada, i tīmata i te rautau 9 i te wā he pā iti i hangaia ki runga i tētahi pā tawhito o Rōma.

I te tīmatanga i mōhiotia ko "qal'at Hamra" i te reo Ārapi, ko tōna tikanga he "pā whero," e pā ana ki ngā pakitara whero me ngā pourewa o te pā.

I mahi te pā hei pā kaha rautaki mō ngā rangatira Berber o te rohe.

I te rautau 13, i kawea mai e te whānau Nasrid ngā huringa nui ki te Alhambra, ā, i hurihia kia rite ki tōna āhua o nāianei.

Te Whare Ariki o Nasrid me te Wā Koura

I te rautau 13 me te 14, i eke te Alhambra ki te tihi o te ataahua me te uauatanga i te wā i kingi ai te whānau Nasrid.

Nā Muhammad ibn al-Ahmar i whakatū a Granada hei tāone matua, ā, nā reira i tīmata ai te whakawhānui ake i te Alhambra.

I whakawhānuihia e ia te pā hei whare kingi ataahua, hei marae, hei māra hoki, ā, i whai wāhi atu ki te auahatanga me te momo hoahoanga motuhake o reira.

He maha ngā āhuatanga wai o ngā Nasrid i whakaata i te hangarau waipēhi matatau o taua wā.

I whakakotahihia e rātou ngā āhuatanga o Andalusia, o ngā Mōori, me te Ihirama hei hanga i tētahi mahi toi kāore e taea te whakataurite.

I te rautau 14, nā Yusuf I rāua ko Muhammad V i hanga ngā wāhanga rongonui o te wāhi rongonui.

E toru ngā whare kingi o te whare o Nasrid:

• Te Whare o ngā Raiona: te tauira pai rawa atu o te toi a Nasrid, me tōna marae ataahua me ngā whakapaipai matatini.
• Te Whare o Comares: te pokapū o te mana tōrangapū me te kāinga o ngā kīngi.
• Mexuar: tari o ngā kīngi.

Ka kitea e koe ngā mahi toi matatini, ngā tuhituhinga Arapi, ngā kōrero, ngā rotarota, me ngā tauira taiao, e whakarei ake ana i te whakapaipai o roto o te whare kingi. Me ōna māra matomato me ngā āhuatanga wai auaha, i tukuna e te Generalife he wāhi okiokinga marino mō ngā sultan.

Ki te titiro koe ki tōna hītori, ka kite koe i te panonitanga o ngā mahi toi me ngā hoahoanga o te whānau Nasrid.

Tirohia te ataahua o tōna whare mā roto i ētahi o ngā tino wāhi o roto o te Whare Ariki o Nasrid.

• Ko Palacio de Comares – te kāinga noho o te Sultan me te nohoanga kāwanatanga.
• He rongonui te Whare Ariki o ngā Raiona mō tōna Puna o ngā Raiona i te marae me te whatunga wai. He wāhi ahurea e kukume ana i ngā tūruhi me ngā tohunga nā tōna ataahua me tōna hītori.
• Te Whare Ariki o Partal— he whare ariki me te wai me ngā māra, he marino, he rangimārie. Koinei te wāhi i noho ai ngā rangatira.
• Te Marae o ngā Rakau Myrtle – he marae me ngā puna wai me ngā rakau myrtle. He wāhi okiokinga mō ngā whānau kingi.
• Te Whare o ngā Māngai – i noho a Yusuf I, te rangatira mō te wā roa, ki te tūtaki ki ngā manuhiri nui.

Hītori o Generalife

I rongonui ngā rangatira Nasrid o Granada mō tō rātou aroha ki ngā toi, ki ngā hoahoanga me te taiao.

Ko Generalife te whakakotahitanga tino pai o te taiao me te toi, e tohu ana i te "Jannat al-afia" i te reo Arapi, ko tōna tikanga he pararaiha.

I whakamahia hei whare raumati me hei wāhi okiokinga mō ngā rangatira o Nasrid.

Ko tētahi o ngā whenua tino tiakina o te Whānau Nasrid, kei roto ngā māra hua ataahua, ngā māra, me ngā wai maha hei whakapaipai me te whakamakuku.

E ai ki ngā tuhinga hītori, i hangaia tēnei whare kingi i tawhiti atu i te whare matua hei hanga i tētahi pararaiha i roto i te pā o Alhambra.

Te Hinganga o Granada me te Mana Karaitiana

I kitea te hītori o Granada i te whakaekenga a ngā kīngi Katorika i te tau 1492 i te wā i riro ai a Granada i ngā rangatira Karaitiana.

I tino whakakorea te toi me te hoahoanga e te awe o te Renaissance me te Karaitianatanga.

I whakakapia ngā mahi toi Ihirama e ngā whare karakia me ngā whare mōneka mā te whakaora me te pupuri i ngā mahi toi Ihirama kia ora tonu.

Ngā Whakarerekētanga me ngā Tāpiritanga

I tino whakarerekētia e ngā rangatira Karaitiana te Alhambra kia rite ki ō rātou momo āhua me ō rātou hiahia.

I tāpirihia e rātou ngā whare karakia ki te whare kingi, i mauria mai ai ngā tohu Karaitiana, ā, i whakarerekētia hoki te tirohanga Ihirama ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whare, ngā kēti me ngā taiao.

Ko te huringa nui rawa ko te Whare Ariki o Charles V , i hangaia i te rautau 16, e tata ana ki ngā taiepa o te Whare Ariki o Nasrid.

He tohu tēnei mō te Renaissance, i hangaia i Spain, ā, i hangaia e tētahi o ngā akonga a Michelangelo.

I pai ake anō te mana hōia o Alhambra i te wā Karaitiana.

I whakakaha ake a Alcazaba , te rohe pā, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hōia a ngā rangatira hou.

Te Whakaora i te Alhambra: Te Whakaora me te Tiaki

I muri i te kore aro mō ngā tau maha, ka rongonui anō i te rautau 19.

Nā ngā kōrero a Washington Irving me te hiahia o ngā tūruhi o Ūropi me Amerika ki te ahurea o te Waenganui Rawhiti i puta ai tēnei.

Nā tēnei hiahia hou i arahi ai ngā mahi ki te whakaora i te whare i raro i te tirotiro a te Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife.

Kua noho te tiaki taiao hei kaupapa matua, inā koa mai i te wā i whakaingoatia ai hei Pae Tuku Iho o te Ao a UNESCO i te tau 1984.

Ngā Pātai Auau

Whakaahua Matua: David Cerini i runga i te Unsplash