Tirohia te Whare Hanga Hagia Sophia ā-Byzantine!

Kua tū pakari a Hagia Sophia mai i te tau 537 AD, e kawe ana i te ataahua o ngā whare o ia rautau mai i taua wā!

Nā te āhua ahurei o te hoahoanga Byzantine me ngā āhuatanga tapu o Ihirama me Katorika, he wāhi ataahua tēnei, e kukume ana i te neke atu i te 13 miriona manuhiri i ia tau.

Me mōhio ngā manuhiri me ngā hunga e hiahia ana ki te hoahoa e whakamahere ana ki te tūhura i te Mosque ki te hanganga o te Mosque whakamiharo me ōna āhuatanga rongonui.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā kōrero iti o te ataahua huna o Hagia Sophia i Istanbul, ā, ka kitea hoki te panonitanga o tōna āhua i te wā i hurihia ai hei Mosque mai i te Hāhi!

Te momo hoahoanga o te Mosque

Ahakoa he rongonui te Mosque mō ōna hoahoanga ā-Byzantine, i awehia anō hoki e ngā hoahoanga Kariki, Rōmana, me Ihirama!

I tīmata te hanganga o te Mosque, he Whare Karakia i te tau 532 CE, i runga i ngā whakahau a te Emepara Justinian I.

I oti te hanga i roto i te rima tau pea, ā, i tāpirihia e ngā kaihoahoa rongonui a Anthemius rāua ko Isidore he maha ngā āhuatanga Rōmana ki tōna hanganga.

Nā tēnei i āwhina te waihanga i tētahi whare ataahua, whai hua hoki, ā, ko ngā āwhata, ngā kōhao, me ngā pou e kitea ana e koe i ēnei rā he hua nō tēnei whakaaro whakaaweawe!

I tāpirihia e rātou ngā kohatu utu nui ahurei me ngā huānga māpere ki te hanganga, he mea whakaaweawe mai i ngā Kariki.

Ko te tuanui nui, te wāhanga tino ataahua o te Mosque, he mea whakamiharo o ngā awe Byzantine.

Mā te tuanui ka ātaahua ake te rūma, ka nui ake te whakahīhī me te rangatira, nā ōna tatau nunui Byzantine hei tautoko.

Ka taea hoki e koe te kite i ngā awe hoahoanga Ottoman i roto i te Mosque, me te tāpiritanga o te Mihrab me te Minibar, he wāhi karakia nui ēnei!

Nā wai i hanga a Hagia Sophia?

He kaihoahoa whare mohio, he tohunga pāngarau rongonui hoki a Anthemus o Tralles rāua ko Isidore o Miletus i te rautau 16.

I mahi tahi rātou ki te hanga i te mea whakamiharo e kitea ana e koe i Istanbul i ēnei rā!

I mahi a Anthemus ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga o te whare mōkai kia ngāwari ai te tautoko i te tuanui kanapa.

I mōhiotia ia mō tōna pūkenga ki te āhuahanga me te hangarau, ā, nā tēnei i tere ai te hanganga o te Mosque.

I tāpirihia hoki e Anthemus tētahi whatunga o ngā āwhata me ngā kōpuku iti hei tautoko i te kōpuku nui o ēnei rā!

I mahi tahi a Isidore rāua ko Anthemus i ia taahiraa o te mahi ki te whakamahere i te hanganga turanga me te tuanui.

He tino mōhiotanga tōna ki ngā hoahoanga Byzantine me ngā momo kāhua rongonui o taua wā, ā, nā reira i taea ai e rātou te waihanga i tētahi whakaaturanga ataahua!

Ngā āhuatanga hoahoa o te Mosque

Ko te Hanganga o Hagia Sophia e whakakotahi ana i ngā hoahoanga rautau-tawhito mai i ngā tōpito katoa o te ao.

Nā tēnei, he maha ngā momo hoahoanga rongonui e honoa ana hei hanga i tētahi hanganga rangimārie, ātaahua hoki.

Anei ētahi āhuatanga hoahoa o te Mosque me tirotiro e koe i a koe e tūhura ana!

Te Papa

I tīmata te papa o te Mosque hei papa kōhatu i raro i ngā whakahau a te Emepara Justinian.

I te hinganga o te Dome ki runga i te papa i te tau 558 CE, i whakatakotoria he paparanga hou o te māpere Preconnesian hei hanga i te papa hou e kitea ana e koe i ēnei rā!

I rongonui te māpere preconnesian i te Emepaea Byzantine nā te mea i whakamahia i roto i ngā whakamaharatanga rongonui katoa i hangaia i raro i a Constantinople.

Te Narthex me te Nave

Ko te Narthex te tomokanga matua, e ahu atu ana i te Kūaha Emepaea, e rāhuitia ana mō te whakamahinga a te Emepara me te hunga e tata ana ki a ia.

I mua atu, he ātrium anō tō te Narthex i karapotia e ngā Colonnades, ā, i tū teitei tonu taua whare tae noa ki te tau 1800.

E iwa ngā tatau o te narthex o roto e anga atu ana ki te nave o te Mosque, e whā ngā kokoru kei te taha.

Ka kitea hoki e koe tētahi arawhata roa mai i tēnei wāhanga o roto e anga atu ana ki ngā papa o runga o te Mosque.

Ngā pou tautoko

He rārangi poupou me ngā poupou i roto i te Mosque he mea nui ki te hoahoanga e tautoko ana i te tuanui nui.

Ka whakarite rātou kia mau tonu te hanganga.

He whakamere anō hoki ngā poupou rere o te Whare Mōkete o Hagia Sophia ki te taha hauauru, e tohatoha ana i te taumaha o te Dome kia ōrite.

Ka tukuna tika te taumaha e ngā pou tautoko rere o ēnei āwhata ki te papa i a rātou e hono ana ki ngā pou.

I rongonui tēnei momo hoahoanga i te wā o Byzantine.

Ngā Minaret

I tāpirihia ngā minaret i te wā i hurihia ai te Whare Karakia hei Mosque, ā, i whakamahia hei wāhi mō te karangatanga o te Adhan me te wā inoi Salah.

I te taha hauauru, i hangaia e te kaihoahoa rongonui a Mimar Sinan tētahi o ēnei minaret nui, e 200 putu te teitei i runga ake i te whenua.

Nō te wā o Mehmed II te pourewa pereki whero i te taha tonga-mā-rāwhiti o te Mosque, ā, nā Beyazid II rāua ko Selim II i hanga ētahi atu.

Nō te wā o Murad III ēnei minaret.

Ngā Taiwhanga o Runga

Ko te taiwhanga o runga he wāhi āhua rite ki te hū hōiho i rāhuitia hei whakaatu i ngā mosaic whakamiharo.

Ka taea hoki e koe te kite i ngā tuhituhinga rūniki whakamiharo e whakapaipai ana i ngā pakitara o te taiwhanga tuatahi, i tuhia e ngā mema o te Kaitiaki Varanian mai i te Emepaea Byzantine.

Ngā Āwhata me te Hanganga Dome o Hagia Sophia

Ko te Dome o Hagia Sophia whakamiharo he 108 mita te whānui, ā, ko te karauna he 180 putu te teitei!

He mea hanga tēnei i te moata me ngā pereki pakari, he mea hanga katoa ki te raima me te pereki pakari, kua 1,400 tau te roa e tū ana.

E tautokona ana te Dome e ngā kurupae hono āhua tapatoru porowhita e āhei ai te hanganga ki te neke maeneene mai i te tapawhā ki te dome porowhita.

I muri i te hinganga o te kāpata o te Dome ki te whenua i te tau 558 CE, he maha ngā āwhata tautoko me ngā pou whakairi i tāpirihia.

Nā te mārama e whiti ana i te roto o te Dome, me te mea kei te rere te hanganga i runga ake i te Mosque, ā, he āhua rerekē tōna!

Te Mataara

He māmā noa te āhua o waho o te Mōkesi, he maha ngā matapihi me ngā whakatuwheratanga rite ki te āwhata e taea ai te tomo mai o te nui o te rā.

E whā ngā Minaret teitei e karapoti ana i ngā kokonga e whā, me tētahi māra matomato e wehewehe ana i a ia i ngā taha e karapoti ana.

Ki te kite i ngā whakapaipai e whakarei ake ana i te ataahua o te Mosque, tirohia tā mātou tuhinga mō Ngā Mea hei Tirohanga i Roto i a Hagia Sophia!

Te Tukanga Hanga

I tīmata te hanganga o te Whare Karakia o Hagia Sophia i te tau 1523 CE, ā, i tīmata i te whakatūnga a te Emepara Justinian i tētahi Whare Karakia ataahua.

I mahi tahi ngā kaihoahoa a Anthemus rāua ko Isidore ki te whakamahere i te hanganga o te Dome me ētahi atu huānga me te tino tika o te pāngarau.

I te otinga o te hoahoa, ka kohia ngā rauemi pēnei i te kōhatu, te māpere, me ngā pereki, ā, ka whiriwhiria he wāhi hei hanga i te Whare Karakia.

I hangaia he turanga pakari i hangaia ki te raima me te kōhatu hei tautoko i te hanganga.

Muri iho, ka tīmata ngā kaimahi ki te tāpiri i ngā pakitara kaha, ngā pou, ngā poupou, me ngā tautoko hei tautoko i te tuanui.

I te hanganga o te tuanui i muri mai, ka tāpirihia e ngā tohunga ngā tuanui mataara atamai hei tohatoha i te taumaha o te tuanui.

I te otinga o te hanganga turanga, i karangatia ngā kaitoi ki te tāpiri i ngā mosaic ataahua ki ngā pakitara me te tuanui.

Ko ngā mosaic e kitea ana e koutou i ēnei rā he mea hanga ki ngā rau koura kanapa, ā, e whakaatuhia ana hoki ngā whakaaturanga me ngā whakapakoko whakapono.

I oti te hanganga o Hagia Sophia i te tau 537 AD i te wā i whakatapua ai e te Emepara Justinian me tētahi whakanui nui!

Ngā Whakaora me ngā Huringa o te Hanganga i te wā o te huringa

He maha ngā huringa i mahia ki te hanganga kia mukua ai te hoahoanga o te Hāhi o Hagia Sophia, kia waihotia ai he Mosque tapu.

E ai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho , i noho te Mosque hei whare taonga mō ētahi tau tae noa ki te wā i hurihia ai hei wāhi karakia i te tau 2020.

I tū te whakahoutanga tuatahi i raro i te Emepara Basil II, nāna i hanga anō te Dome o te Hāhi Hagia Sophia i hinga.

I te wā o te whakahoutanga, i tāpirihia ngā peita pakitara hou o te Anahera Chrubium me ētahi atu tohu whakapono ki roto.

I raro i te mana o te whare kingi Ottoman, i tāpirihia he pourewa iti ki te kokonga tonga-mā-uru o te Mosque.

I utua e Sultan Abdulmejid ngā kaihoahoa a Gaspare rāua ko Giuseppe Fossati, kia whakahoutia te wāhi katoa kia rite ki te āhua o te Mosque.

I whakatikatikaina e rātou ētahi pou, ā, i whakarerekētia te mata o te Mosque.

I te tau 1850, i raro i te mana o ēnei kaihoahoa tokorua o Huiterangi, i whakapaipaihia te wāhi e tētahi Maqsurah hou.

Kei runga i tētahi rārangi hapa te Mosque, ā, he wāhi nui tēnei mō te whakangaromanga i ngā wā e pā mai ana ngā rū whenua katoa i Istanbul.

I whakatikahia e te Manatū Ahurea o Turkey te tuanui o te mosque i te tau 2006 hei whakatika i ngā kino i puta mai i ēnei rū whenua tonu.

Nā te kaha tonu o te mahi ki te pupuri i te ataahua o tēnei whakamaharatanga, kei te tū tonu hei tetahi o ngā mea whakamiharo o te ao tae noa mai ki tēnei rā!

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Hanga Whare o Hagia Sophia

Whakaahua i whakaatuhia na Alaa Shaheen i runga i te Unsplash