Te Hītori o Hagia Sophia: Te Hanganga Whakapono e Hurihuri Ana!

Neke atu i te 1500 tau te tūnga o te Whare Karakia o Hagia Sophia , mai i te tau 573 AD, ā, ko tōna tuanui nui e whakapaipai ana i te tirohanga a te iwi o Istanbul!

I hangaia tuatahitia te whare hei Whare Karakia, ā, i raro i te mana o te Ottoman i hurihia hei Mosque, ā, i tōna oranga he whare taonga anō hoki.

Me mōhio ngā manuhiri e whakamahere ana ki te toro atu ki te hanganga o te Mosque e tū ana i nāianei ki tōna hītori whakamīharo e hurihuri ana, kia pai ai te wheako.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou te rārangi wā hītori katoa o Hagia Sophia, mai i tōna hanganga ki tōna hanganga o nāianei, e kukume ana i te neke atu i te 13 miriona manuhiri ia tau!

He Rārangi Wā Poto mō te Hītori o Hagia Sophia Istanbul

537 AD: I hangaia te hanganga taketake o te Whare Karakia o Hagia Sophia.

1204 ki te 1216 AD: I raro i ngā whakaekenga a te hunga Latino, ka noho a Hagia Sophia hei Hāhi Katorika Rōmana.

1453 AD ki te 1922 AD: I taka te Whare Karakia ki ngā ringa o te Kāwanatanga Ottoman, ā, i hurihia hei Mosque. He maha ngā huringa hoahoa i mahia.

1934: I hurihia te Mosque hei Whare Taonga hei tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho me ētahi atu huānga i tāpirihia i raro i ngā mana o ngā rangatira.

1985: I whakaingoatia hei Pae Tuku Iho o te Ao a UNESCO.

1934 ki te 2020: I pai te mahi hei whare taonga, ā, i kukume mai i te miriona manuhiri mai i te ao katoa. I whakahokia mai ngā whakairo mosaic Katorika.

2020: I raro i te Perehitini Erdogan, i hurihia te Whare Taonga hei Mosque.

Te Hītori o te Hāhi o Hagia Sophia

I te hanganga o te whare i te tau 537 AD i raro i te Emepara Justinian II, i tīmata hei whare Hāhi whakamiharo.

Kia tirohia te hītori o tēnei hanganga tuatahi, ā, i muri mai ka noho hei Mosque i raro i te mana o ngā Ottomans!

Te Whānautanga o te Hāhi o Constantius II

Ko te hanganga tuatahi i hangaia i te wāhi e tū ana te Hagia Sophia i tapaina ko te Magna Ecclesia nā tōna rahi!

I whakatapua e Eudoxius o Anatioka i te wā o te Emepara Constantinius II i te 15 o Pēpuere 360 AD.

I tū i te taha o te wāhi i hangaia ai te Whare Ariki hou.

I mua i te hanganga o tēnei whare, i kiia ko tētahi Hāhi iti ake, ko Hagia Irene, te Kātekaratia matua.

I tāpirihia hoki ki te hanganga taketake he Whare Pāpetihi, he Hypogeum, me tētahi wāhi tapu i runga ake i te urupā o tētahi mātire Karaitiana.

He maha ngā rohe o te Emepaea Byzantine i uru atu ki te hanganga, tae atu ki te māpere matomato i tangohia mai i Ihipa, te kōhatu kōwhai i Hiria, me te kōhatu pango i Bosporus.

Heoi, i tahuna te nuinga o tēnei whare i te wā o ngā ngangau i te wā o te kingitanga o Emepara Arcadius.

He huarahi ngā ngangau mō te iwi ki te whakahē i a John Chrysostom, te Pātriarch o Constantinople, i te whakaraunga i te tau 404 AD.

Te Hāhi a Theodosius II

I hangaia tētahi atu Basilica i raro i te mana o Theodosius II, nāna i karapoti ngā whare karakia e rua ki te taiepa kotahi, ā, i tiakina e ngā mema kotahi.

Nā te kaihoahoa a Rufinus tēnei hanganga i mahi, i rongonui mō tōna mata whakairo ahurei me ōna papa mosaic.

I whakarei ake te hanganga taketake mā te whakaurunga hou me te Rotunda, he wāhi pai ēnei hei penapena i ngā taonga karakia.

I pāngia tēnei Basilica hou e te mate ōrite ki te hanganga tuatahi, ā, i tahuna ki te ahi i te Nika Riots i te marama o Hānuere 532 AD.

Te Whakatūnga o te Hāhi o Justinian II

Ko te hanganga o te Whare Karakia e tū ana i ēnei rā i hangaia i raro i te Emepara Justinian II i te tau 537 AD.

I whakatūria e ia a Anthemus rāua ko Isidore hei kaihoahoa matua mō te Hāhi ataahua, he tohunga pāngarau rāua, ā, he tino tohunga hoki ki te hoahoa whare.

I tāpirihia e rātou ngā pou kawemai mai i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ngā taera māpere mā ataahua, me te tauira stucco ki te mata o mua.

E rima tau rātou i mahi tahi ai ki te whakatutuki i te hanganga e kitea nei e koutou i tēnei rā!

Whai muri i tōna whakatohungatanga whakanui i te tau 537 AD, ka noho te Whare Karakia o Hagia Sophia hei wāhi nui mō ngā karaunatanga me ētahi atu whakanuinga kingi.

I te tau 578, i hinga te Dome o te Whare Karakia nā te mea i puta ngā kapiti i te pānga o te rū whenua ki te hanganga.

I utua e Justinian a Isidorius the Younger ki te mahi i te hanganga, ā, nāna i tāpiri ngā pou o Koriniti hei tautoko atu.

Koinei te āhua i hangaia ai te hoahoanga o Hagia Sophia e kitea nei e koe i tēnei rā i te rautau 6!

I te wā i riro ai a Constantinople i raro i te mana o te iwi Latina i waenga i te tau 1204 me te tau 1216, ka huri te Hāhi hei Hāhi Katorika Romana.

I roto i ngā tau, nā ngā rū whenua o Istanbul me te kore mōhio ki ngā whakatikatika o te whare karakia i kati ai ki te marea mō tētahi wā tae noa ki te tīmatanga anō o ngā whakatikatika i te tau 1354.

Ahakoa i whakatikatikaina te Whare Karakia, i tino karohia e ngā Katorika katoa nā te mea i taka ki waenganui o te pakanga i waenganui i te Hāhi Katorika o te Hauāuru me te Hāhi Ōtotiki o te Rawhiti.

I tīmata te titiro a ngā manene ki te wāhi hei whare rewera i mua i te takanga ki ngā ringa o ngā Ottoman i te wā o te whakapaenga o Constantinople i te tau 1453.

Te Huringa hei Mosque

I hinga a Hagia Sophia i raro i te mana o Sultan Mehmed II, te rangatira Ottoman tuatahi i Constantinople.

I hurihia te hanganga i te wā i whakaritea ai e te Sultan te karakia Paraire tuatahi ki reira i te 1 o Hune, 1453.

I kite a Mehmed i te āhua kino o te whare, ā, ka whakahaua e ia kia whakahoutia tonutia te Mosque.

I tāpirihia e ia ngā hanganga Ihirama, pērā i te mihrab, he tūāpapa mō te kauwhau, me te maha atu anō kia hangaia ai te hanganga hei whare mōkai.

I te taenga mai o Suleiman ki te mana i te tau 1520, ka whakahaua e ia kia hipokina ngā mosaic o Whaea Meri, o Ihu, me te hunga tapu ki te raima.

Nō muri mai ka tangohia atu rātou i te tau 1730 i raro i te mana o Turkey; ko ētahi e kitea ana i ēnei rā!

I waenganui i te tau 1576 me te tau 1577, kua hoha a Sultan Selim II ki ngā kino tonu i puta mai i ngā rū whenua ki te hanganga.

I utua e ia a Mimir Sanin, he miihini rū whenua rongonui, hei whakatau i tēnei raruraru.

I mahi anō a Mimir ki te tāpiri i ngā minareta e rua ki ngā kokonga, me te hanga i te urupā mō Sultan Mehmed III.

I tēnei wā, i hurihia te rohe o te Whare Pāpetihi hei urupā mō Mustafa I rāua ko Sultan Ibrahim.

Mō ngā tau 482, i noho tonu te hanganga hei Mosque!

I tiakina pai te whare, ā, i whakahoutia tonutia e ngā Sultan pērā i a Abudulmejid me ētahi atu, me te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu āhuatanga Ihirama.

I te hinganga o Istanbul ki ngā ringa o Piritana i te tau 1919, ka mahi anō te Mosque hei Whare Karakia, ā, i whakahaere a Eleftherios Noufrakis i te misa i roto.

Te Hītori o te Whare Taonga o Hagia Sophia

I whānau te Whare Taonga o Hagia Sophia i te tau 1935 i te wā i riro ai i te Perehitini o Turkey a Mustafa Kemal Ataturk te mana!

He mea nui te wāhi i takarohia e te whare taonga i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i te mea i rongoatia ngā pū mīhini i roto i ngā minaret.

I muri i te pakanga, i whakahoutia i roto i ētahi wā, ā, i tangohia atu ngā whāriki, ā, i tāpirihia atu hoki ngā papa māpere.

I te tau 1985, i tāpirihia te Whare Taonga ki te rārangi o ngā pae Tuku Iho o te Ao a UNESCO, ā, i tapaina ko te Wāhi Hītori i Istanbul!

I waenga i te tau 1997 me te tau 2002, i kohia e te World Monuments Fund he moni e tika ana hei whakahou i te hanganga o ngā whare i pakaru i te wai.

I te tau 2014, i tapaina a Hagia Sophia ko te tuarua o ngā wāhi rongonui o Turkey, ā, i piki ake tōna rongonui i ngā tau i muri mai!

Heoi, i te tau 2013, i kī a Bulent Arinc, te Pirimia Tuarua o Turkey, ka huri anō a Hagia Sophia hei Mosque.

I whai muri i tēnei panuitanga i Hagia Sophia 85 tau i muri mai i te tau 2016, i puta ngā inoi a ngā Mahometa!

Te hoki ki te whare karakia

I roto i ngā tau, kua puta te nui o ngā tautohetohe whakapono me ngā tautohetohe tōrangapū i roto i te Whare Mōkete o Hagia Sophia nā tōna āhua hurihuri tonu.

Ko Perehitini Erdogan te tangata matua i mahi ki te huri i te whare karakia hei whare mōkai, i tīmata i te tau 2018.

I te tau 2018, i pānuitia e ia te whiti tuatahi o te Quran i roto i te whare taonga, hei whakatapua ki ngā Sultan nāna i hanga te Mosque.

I te mea he pae tuku iho o te ao te Whare Taonga, i tono anō a Erdogan kia whakaaetia e te UNESCO te whakarerekētanga.

Hei whakamutunga, i te tau 2020, i whakapuakina te Whare Taonga hei Mosque i te wā i whakanuia ai e te Kāwanatanga o Turkey te huritau o te raupatu o Constantinople!

He kore utu te toro atu ki te Whare Karakia mō ngā tau maha tae noa ki te whakapuakitanga a Erdogan i te tau 2024 me utu e ngā manuhiri o tāwāhi he utu whakauru mō te tiaki.

Hagia Sophia i tēnei rā

Kei te tū a Hagia Sophia i tēnei rā hei whakamaumaharatanga mō te whanaungatanga pai e tohaina ana e ngā whakapono katoa i Istanbul.

He Mosque ia ināianei e torohia ana e te neke atu i te 13 miriona manene me ngā tūruhi i ia tau.

E mōhiotia ana te Mosque mō ōna whakairo mosaic Katorika whakamiharo, tōna tuanui hoahoanga kanapa, me tōna āhua tapu.

He wāhi hītori anō hoki tēnei me te ranunga whakahihiri o ngā awe o Byzantine me Ottoman, ā, he wāhi hīmene ahurei i ēnei rā!

Nā te Abdul al-Fath Sultan Mehmed Foundation te wāhi inaianei, ā, e oati ana ka noho tonu te wāhi hei Mosque ake ake.

Kei te kite tonu koe i tētahi wāhanga o te whare taonga i ēnei rā, ā, ko te ingoa ko te Whare Taonga Hītori o Hagia Sophia!

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Hītori o Hagia Sophia

Whakaahua Matua nā Diego Allen i runga i te Unsplash