Te Hanganga o te Kāreti o Prague

Ko te Kāreti o Prague tētahi o ngā tohu whenua tino nui, tino ataahua hoki o Prague, Czech Republic. Kei runga i te puke e titiro atu ana ki te tāone ataahua o Prague.

He tohu hītori nui tēnei e whai wāhi nui ana ki te hītori me te taonga tuku iho o te whenua.

Nō reira, kua waiho hei tohu mō te hītori whai rawa o te whenua, te ahurea me te hoahoanga whakamiharo, e kukume ana i te miriona manuhiri i ia tau.

Kua kitea te whanaketanga o te hītori o Czech i roto i te Kāreti o Prague, koia te nohoanga mana o ngā kīngi, ngā emepara, me ngā perehitini puta noa i ngā tau.

Kua kitea ngā karaunatanga, ngā pakanga, me ngā whakanuitanga nunui i ngā tihi me ngā pakitara nunui o te Kāreti o Prague, ā, kua waiho hei wāhanga nui o te maharatanga whānui o te motu.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou te hoahoanga o te Kāreti o Prague, tae atu ki ngā hoahoa o te whare me ngā āhuatanga rongonui.

Mō Te Kāreti o Prague

I hangaia te Kāreti o Prague i te rautau 9, i tīmata tōna hanganga i te tau 870 pea, ā, e horahia ana ki runga i te 45 heketea whenua.

He mea hanga i roto i ngā momo hoahoanga Baroque me Mannerism.

Ehara i te whare noa iho, engari he wāhi rongonui a Prague Castle me ōna tohu whenua maha.

Kei roto i tēnei ko te Whare Ariki Tawhito, te Whare Karakia o Hato Vitus, te Whare Karakia o Hato George, te Whare Karakia o Hato Wenceslas, te Pourewa o Daliborka, te Māra Ariki, me te Tiriti o Golden Lane.

Te Whare Ariki Tawhito

Ko te Whare Ariki Tawhito , i roto i te Kāreti o Prague, he wāhi hītori nui nō te rautau 12.

E mōhiotia ana mō ōna momo hoahoanga whai rawa, inā koa ko te Gothic me te Renaissance, me tōna tūranga hei nohoanga mō ngā rangatira Czech.

Kei roto i te hītori o te whare rangatira:

• I hangaia te whare rakau taketake i te tīmatanga o te rautau 9 me te rautau 10.

• I hangaia e te Piriniha Sobeslav tētahi whare kingi kōhatu, he āhua Romana, i te rautau 12.

• I te haurua tuatahi o te rautau 14, i whakanuia e te Kīngi me te Emepara Charles IV te whare Romanesque, ā, i hangaia he whare kingi Gothic me te roto teitei.

• I tāpirihia ngā parirau poutū e rua, ā, i hangaia anō te Whare Karakia o Ngā Tapu Katoa i te wā o te kingitanga o Wenceslas IV.

• I tāpirihia te Whare Vladislav whakahīhī i te rautau 15, e whakakotahi ana i ngā āhuatanga o te wā Gothic me te wā Renaissance.

• I te rautau 15, e waru tekau tau te noho whakarērea ana te whare kingi.

• I muri i te tau 1483, ka hoki a Kingi Vladislav Jagiello ki te Kāreti o Prague, ā, ka whakahaua e ia te hanganga hou whakamutunga o te whare kingi.

• I hangaia te Parirau Theresian i te rautau 18.

Kei te Whare Ariki Tawhito te Whare nui o Vladislav, i whakamahia mō ngā whakanuitanga karauna, ngā hakari, me ngā whakataetae toa o roto.

Nā Benedikt Rejt i hoahoa te tuanui ataahua, he whakairo Gothic o te whare i te tau 1493–1502.

Kei te whare kingi anō hoki te Bohemian Chancellery, te wāhi i tū ai te Defenestration rongonui o Prague i te tau 1618.

Te Whare Karakia o Hato Vitus

Ko te Whare Karakia o Hato Vitus he whare karakia Katorika i Prague, Czech Republic, ā, koinei te nohoanga o te Āpihopa o Prague.

Kei roto katoa te whare karakia nui i te whare rangatira o Prague, ā, kei reira ngā urupā o ngā kingi maha o Bohemia me ngā Emepara Tapu o Roma.

I tīmata te hanganga o St. Vitus i te tau 1344, ā, tata ki te 600 tau te roa o tōna otinga.

I whakatapua te whare karakia nui ki a Hato Witu tae noa ki te tau 1997, kātahi ka whakatapua anō ki a Hato Wenceslaus rāua ko Hato Adalbert.

E rua ngā anga okana kei roto, ā, kei reira te kōpū hiriwa taumaha rawa atu i Czechia.

I te tuatahi i whakaarohia te hoahoa o te whare karakia e te kaihoahoa Wīwī a Matthias o Arras, engari i muri mai ka whakarerekētia e te kaihoahoa Tiamana a Peter Parler.

Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga rongonui o te Whare Karakia o Hato Vitus ko:

Ko te whare karakia matua: Koinei te wāhanga matua o te whare karakia nui, e 85 mita te teitei, koia te whare karakia teitei rawa atu o te motu.

He ara taha whaiti kua whakakikoruatia ki ngā whare karakia: Kei roto i ēnei whare karakia ngā urupā o ngā Emepara Tapu o Rōma me te tini o ngā kīngi o Pōhemia, ngā rangatira, me ngā āpihopa.

Te parirau raki o te uho whakarunga: Kei roto i tēnei parirau te Whare Uru o te Ariki, tae atu ki ngā urupā o ngā tāngata tapu nui o Czech.

Te Whare Karakia o Hato Wenceslas: Kei roto i tēnei whare karakia ngā taonga tuku iho o Hato Wenceslas, te kaitiaki o Bohemia.

Te Whare Karakia o Hato Hōri

Ko te Basilica o Hato Hōri te whare karakia tawhito rawa atu e toe ana i te Kāreti o Prague, i Prague, Czech Republic.

I whakatūria e te Piriniha Vratislav I o Bohemia i te tau 920, ā, i whakatapua ki a Hato Hōri.

He āhua Romana, he āhua mārō, he āhua whakahirahira hoki te roto o te whare karakia, kei roto i te whare matua ngā urupā o ngā mema o te whānau Premyslid.

I te tau 1142, he maha ngā hanganga i hangaia anō i muri i te ahi nui, ā, ko te hua o tēnei whare karakia he rite ki te āhua Romana o nāianei.

Te Whare Karakia o Hato Wenceslas

Ko tētahi o ngā wāhi tino ataahua o te Kāreti o Prague ko te Whare Karakia o St. Wenceslas.

Ko te hoahoa o te Kāreti o Prague e whakaatu ana i te wāhanga matua o te whare karakia nui, arā, te urupā o tēnei tangata tapu nui o Czech.

Kei te kokonga tonga-māuru o te whare karakia ngā tatau e anga atu ana ki te rūma karauna, te wāhi i puritia ai ngā taonga whakapaipai e te Koronitanga o Bohemia i roto i te Prazsky Hrad.

Te Pourewa o Daliborka

I whakamahia te Pourewa o Daliborka i te Kāreti o Prague hei whare herehere, ā, i tapaina i muri i tōna herehere tuatahi, a Dalibor o Kozojedy.

I roto he wāhi motuhake i wehea e ngā pakitara rakau, ā, he whakamahana anō hoki.

I roto anō i te whare herehere he whare herehere i te rūma o raro mō ngā kaimahi kino rawa atu.

Ko te Pourewa Porowhita i te Kāreti o Prague he wāhanga o te whare mai i te tau 1946.

Te Māra Ariki

Ko te Māra Ariki i te Kāreti o Prague e kiia ana ko te māra tino ataahua i roto i te whare.

I whakatūria e Ferdinand I. Habsburg i te tau 1534, i ahu mai i ngā hoahoa Itari.

Ka kitea e koe tētahi o ngā puna wai whakamiharo o te Renaissance, e kiia nei ko te Singing Fountain.

Mai i ngā māra pēnei i a Paradise, Ramparts, me Hartig i te taha tonga o te Prague Castle, ka taea e koe te kite i ngā tirohanga whakamiharo o te Taone Tawhito, o Lesser Town, me Petrin.

Te Tiriti o Golden Lane

He tiriti tēnei i roto i te whare rangatira o Prague i hangaia i te rautau 16 hei wāhi mō ngā kaitiaki o te whare rangatira o Rudolf II.

Kei waenganui i te Pourewa Mā me te Pourewa Daliborka, he whare tōna i ngā taha e rua i te tīmatanga, engari i whakahoroa ētahi i te rautau 19.

I ēnei rā, ko ngā whare ririki e toe ana, he kanapa te tae, he whakaaturanga e whakaatu ana i te oranga i te ara iti i ngā tau 500 kua hipa.

Te Papamuri Hītori o te Hanganga o te Kāreti o Prague

Ka taea te whai i ngā takenga mai o te Kāreti o Prague ki te rautau 9 i te wā i whakatūria ai te whare taiepa tuatahi e te Piriniha Borivoj o te whānau Premyslid.

I tīmata hei pā rakau taketake e titiro atu ana ki te awa o Vltava, i hangaia hei pā tiaki i ngā ope taua.

Kua whanake haere te hoahoanga o te whare rangatira i roto i ngā rautau, e whakaata ana i ngā awe kanorau o ngā momo Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, me Baroque.

Ko ngā kaupapa hītori matua i hanga i te hoahoanga o te whare rangatira ko:

• Te rautau 10

I whakatūria te whare karakia o Hato Hōri me Hato Witu, ā, ko te Whare Karakia o Hato Witu te whare karakia matua i te rautau 11.

• te rautau 14

I tino tipu te Kāreti o Prague me te whai rawa i raro i te mana o te Emepara Charles IV i te rautau 14.

Nā Charles IV i whakahau te hanganga o te Piriti o Charles, ā, nā reira i hurihia ai a Prague hei pokapū ahurea me te hinengaro.

• Te rautau 16

I te wā o te Renaissance, i kite te Kāreti o Prague i ētahi atu whakapainga ki ōna hoahoanga, tae atu ki ngā whare kingi ataahua, ngā māra, me ngā mata whakapaipai.

I raro i te mana o te Emepara Rudolf II i te mutunga o te rautau 16, ka noho a Prague Castle hei pokapū rangahau toi me te pūtaiao.

• Te rautau 18

I whakahaerehia e ngā rangatira pērā i a Emepara Maria Theresa rāua ko Emepara Joseph II ngā kaupapa whakahou nui, me te tāpiri i ngā whakapaipai whare papai me ngā hoahoa baroque taipitopito.

• Te rautau 20

I te rautau 20, i tino whakahoutia te Kāreti o Prague whai muri i te pakaru i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao me te wā kōmiuniti.

I tēnei rā, he tohu tēnei mō te taonga tuku iho me te tuakiri o Czech, e whakaatu ana i ngā momo hoahoanga mai i te neke atu i te kotahi mano tau o te hītori.

Ko ētahi o ngā rangatira nui i whai pānga ki te momo hoahoanga o te whare rangatira ko:

• Charles IV: I hangaia te Whare Ariki Hou me ngā pā tūwatawata

• Rudolph II: I hangaia te Whare Vladislav o te momo Renaissance

• Josef Plecnik: I whakahoutia te Whare Ariki Hou i te rautau 20

Te Whanaketanga o ngā Kāhua Hanga Whare o Prague

He ranunga ahurei o ngā momo hoahoanga o te Kāreti o Prague e whakaata ana i tōna hītori roa me te uaua. Ko ngā whanaketanga o te kāreti ko:

Rōmana (rautau 10-12)

Ko ngā whare tawhito rawa atu o te Kāreti o Prague e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga Romanesque, pērā i ngā pakitara matotoru, ngā āwhata porowhita, me ngā hoahoa āhuahanga taketake.

Ko te whare karakia taketake o te Wahine Tapu a Meri, i hangaia i te rautau 9, me te Basilica o Hato Hōri, i whakatūria i te rautau 10, he tauira ēnei o ngā hoahoanga Romana.

Kotika (rautau 13-15)

I tino puāwai te hoahoanga Gothic o te Kāreti o Prague i te wā o te kingitanga o Charles IV, ko te Whare Karakia o Hato Vitus te tauira pai rawa atu.

Te Whakahoutanga (Rautau 16)

I whakaora anō te wā Renaissance i ngā āhua me ngā hanganga tawhito o te Kāreti o Prague.

I whakahoutia ngā whare kingi pērā i te Whare Ariki o Lobkowicz me te Belvedere, e whakaatu ana i ngā mata o mua ōrite, ngā poupou ataahua, me ngā taipitopito whakahirahira i awehia e te hoahoanga o te Renaissance Itari.

Ko te Whare Pāniora me te Taiwhanga Whakaaturanga o Rudolph, i hangaia hei whakarite mō te karaunatanga o Francis Joseph I, he tauira o ngā hoahoanga o te Whare Ariki o Prague.

Baroque (rautau 17-18)

Ko ngā whakapaipai stucco ātaahua, ngā whakapaipai whare papai, me ngā āhua whakaari o waho e tohu ana i tēnei wā.

Ko te Whare Ariki Hou, ko te Whare o Schwarzenberg me te Whare o te Āpihopa ētahi tauira o ngā hoahoanga Baroque.

Ngā Āhuatanga o ia Kāhua Hanga Whare i te Kāreti o Prague

Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā momo kāhua hoahoanga rerekē ko:

• Āhua Romana: He pakitara matotoru, he āwhata porowhita, he whakapaipai āhuahanga māmā, he hanganga pakari.

• Kotika: He āwhata koi, he tuanui whai rara, he pou tokomanawa rere, he whakairo kōhatu taipitopito, me ngā matapihi karāhe tae.

• Te Renaissance: He āhua ōrite ngā mata o mua, he poupou ataahua, he āhua tawhito, he taurite o te mārama me te atarangi.

• Baroque: He hoahoa stucco papai, he whakamahinga whakamiharo o te māramatanga me te atarangi, he oraora ngā mua o te whare, me ngā roto papai me ngā whakapaipai koura maha.

• Hou: Ngā rārangi ma, te hoahoa iti, te whakaurunga o ngā rauemi hou pēnei i te karāhe me te maitai, te whakaute i te horopaki hītori me te awhi i ngā āhuatanga ataahua me ngā mahi o nāianei.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Hanga Whare o te Kāreti o Prague

Whakaahua Matua nā Jason Mavrommatis i runga i te Unsplash